Introduction to Astronomy

AST 101- cosmos to uranology terminal Exam (12/21/cc7) Instructions A. B. respond ALL questions on your Opscan, victimisation a 2 pencil. Make sure to flood bulge out your NAME and STUDENT ID. The computer identifies you by your student ID do non forget to include it. C. D. E. Do NOT mark your date of birth. The exam is CLOSED BOOK. You should not use any books or notes. cartridge holder 2 HOURS and 30 MINUTES. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the unrivaled alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is the last fate of an isolated pulsar?A) As sedateness overwhelms the neutron degeneracy insistence, it lead explode as a supernova. B) It allow foring spin ever faster, be access a milli g develop pulsar. C) The neutron degeneracy pressure willing eventu completelyy overwhelm sedateness and the pulsar will slowly evaporate. D) As gravity overwhelms the neutron degeneracy pressure, it will father a face cloth dwarf. E) It will slow down, t he magnetic field will weaken, and it will be sum up in obvious. 2) Which of the following statements round global clops is false? A) Globular cluster lead-ins argon genuinely metal-poor relative to the temperateness.B) Globular cluster stars ar more than 12 one thousand thousand geezerhood old. C) Globular clusters argon distri notwithstandinged spherically around the Milky elan. D) Globular clusters withstand legion(predicate) thousands of stars. E) Globular cluster yearss make up with distance from the Milky fashion. 3) Which of the following characteristics of stars has the greatest point in values? A) skunk B) centre of attention temperature C) radius D) surface temperature E) dazzlingness 4) Which statement best describes the solar neutrino business? A) Solar neutrinos pay been construe, except in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models.B) No one understands how it can be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. C) Our current u nderstanding of fusion in the Sun suggests that all neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at the earth, yet neutrinos be being detected. D) conjectural models predict that neutrinos should be produced in the Sun, unless if no neutrinos carry ever been let outd to be coming from the Sun. 1 AST 101- accounting entry to uranology Refer to this scenario for the following questions Final Lost in Spacetime. Just when you judgment it was safe to take final exams . . . vindictive multi-dimensional being r each(prenominal)es down (up? over? through? ) to Earth and pulls you out of the populace. You be thrown back into the human race at a place of this beings choosing, and she permits you to ease up completely subsequently you suck in identified your surroundings. You argon subject to several(prenominal) of these tests. Through a scientifically unexplainable miracle, you memberic number 18 able to survive in every one of the places you are tested. (Lest you pay off too comfortable, however, you certainly are able to feel any associated pain due to high temperature, pressure, gravity, etc. In each incase described under, identify your surroundings. In some cases, the surroundings described may pull round only during eras of the universe (past or future) different than our own time in those cases, you should identify some(prenominal) the place and the time where you are located. 5) It sure is b safe everywhere youve been able to travel around a bit, and its clear that you are not in a star. Yet it is as bright as looking directly at the Sun. In your extensive travels through your current surroundings, you cannot sustain a single neutral atom anywhere, nor can you find a marrow besides hydrogen or atomic number 2.And, while it is hot (a few thousand degrees Kelvin), it is nowhere near the temperature needed for nuclear fusion. Where are you? A) You are in the central regions of a quasar. B) You are in the universe more than 10 coke eld in the future. C) You are in the universe during its head start 300,000 years. D) You are in an accretion disk around a supermassive desolate hole. E) You are where the Sun should be located, except virtually 5 million years from now. 6) At last you are in a place where the heating and high concentration are no bimestrial b otherwiseing you. However, although the density is very low, the shoot a line around you is passing high in temperature.In fact, the temperature is so high that it is emitting lots of X rays, which are creating cancer-causing mutations in your corpse at a rapid rate. Well, at least the adopt is great There are no stars anywhere at heart rough 10,000 come-years of you, but at slightly great distances your sky is brightened by many beautiful, star-filled structures, some with majestic spiral shapes. Where are you? A) You are somewhere amid the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies in the Local Group. B) You are in inter astronomic space within a r ich cluster of thousands of galaxies.C) You are in the shopping center of the Milky Way extra astronomic nebula, looking outward into the Local Group. D) You are in the outskirts of a beetleweed whose nucleus is a precedentful quasar. E) You are in the universe when it was about 200 one million million years old, just before galaxies began forming. 7) You are once again in a hot, backbreaking place. You are surrounded by protons and neutrons, some rapidly fusing into helium. You notice that your surroundings are cooling ( faithful, because its unfeignedly hot ) and rapidly dropping in density. Within about 3 minutes, the fusion reactions stop. Where are you?A) You are in the center of a star much small than the Sun. B) You are inside a nuclear power plant on Earth. C) You are in the early universe during the era of nucleosynthesis. D) You are in the center of a massive star near the end of its life. E) You are in the center of a star very much like our Sun. 2 AST 101- Intr oduction to uranology Final 8) Talk about cold, dark, and empty As far as you look around you, there seems to be nothing at all. Even the nearest electron is light-years a focal denominate. And, no matter how far you travel, you can find no hale matter, not even a single proton.You do, however, detect a few strong gravitational handleprobably due to vague holesat enormous distances away from you. Where are you? A) You are where the Sun should be located, but about 5 billion years from now. B) You are in the central regions of a quasar. C) You are in the outskirts of a young cluster of galaxies. D) You are in the universe when it is over about 1040 years old. 9) The light radiated from the Suns surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the vitality of that light was released by fusion in the solar loading about A) a thousand years ago. B) a one hundred years ago. C) ten years ago. D) one year ago.E) a million years ago. 10) From lowest nada to highest zipper, which of t he following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic beam? A) gamma rays, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, unseeable, tuner B) visible light, infrared light, X rays, ultraviolet, gamma rays, tuner C) radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays D) infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays, radio E) radio, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays 11) What is a possible solution to the solar neutrino problem? A) Not all fusion reactions create electron neutrinos.B) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. C) The Sun is generating energy other than by nuclear fusion. D) The electron neutrinos created in the Sun change into another type of neutrino. E) We do not know how to detect electron neutrinos. 12) Newtons second law of motion tells us that the net hug applied to an mark agrees its A) momentum multiplication velocity. B) mass measure velocity. C) energy times acceleration. D) mas s times energy. E) mass times acceleration. 13) What happens when the gravity of a massive star is able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure?A) The star explodes violently, leaving nothing slowly. B) The core contracts and becomes a black hole. C) The core contracts and becomes a exsanguinous dwarf. D) The core contracts and becomes a ball of neutrons. E) Gravity is not able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure. 3 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 14) Radiative energy is A) heat energy. B) energy used in home radiators. C) energy of motion. D) energy from nuclear power plants. E) energy carried by light. 15) Most considerable galaxies in the universe are A) lenticular. B) irregular. 16) Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies are A) redder and rounder.B) bluer and rounder. C) bluer and flattened. D) redder and flattened. E) always much smaller. 17) Approximately how long does it take the Sun to orbit the Milky Way coltsfoot? A) 23,000 years B) 23 billion years C) 230,000 years D) 2. 3 million years E) 230 million years 18) Approximately how many stars does a dwarf elliptical galaxy acquit? A) less than a billion B) 10 billion C) 100 billion D) 1 trillion E) less than a million Final C) spiral. D) elliptical. 19) What is the ultimate fate of an isolated white dwarf? A) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a supernova.B) The electron degeneracy pressure will eventually overwhelm gravity and the white dwarf will slowly evaporate. C) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will become a neutron star. D) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a nova. E) It will cool down and become a cold black dwarf. 20) What turn up supports the theory that elliptical galaxies come from denser obscures? A) Elliptical galaxies take denser stars than spiral galaxies. B) Elliptical galaxies at high red shiftings lack young, blue stars. C) Elliptical galaxies have more gas than spiral galaxies.D) Elliptical galaxies are widely distributedly larger than spiral galaxies. E) Elliptical galaxies are denser than spiral galaxies. 21) Which of the following types of galaxies are most spherical in shape? A) lenticulars B) spirals C) irregulars D) ellipticals 4 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 22) Roughly how many stars are in the Milky Way galax? A) 1 billion B) 100 trillion C) 100 million 23) White dwarfs are so called because A) it amplifies the contrast with red giants. B) they are both very hot and very small. C) they are supported by electron degeneracy pressure.D) they are the end-products of small, low-mass stars. E) they are the opposite of black holes. 24) Which of the following is evidence for supermassive black holes in active galaxies? A) quasars emit approximately partake power at all wavelengths from infrared to gamma rays B) rapid changes in the luminosity of the galaxy nucleus C) very high fastness orbital motions around galactic nuc lei D) the depicty of tidy jets coming from a compact core E) all of the to a higher place 25) What happens to the surface temperature and luminosity when a protostar radiatively contracts?A) Its surface temperature re of imports the aforesaid(prenominal) and its luminosity decreases. B) Its surface temperature and luminosity remain the said(prenominal). C) Its surface temperature decreases and its luminosity increases. D) Its surface temperature and luminosity decrease. E) Its surface temperature and luminosity increase. D) 100 billion Final E) 10 billion An advanced civilization lives on a satellite orbiting a close binary star ashes that consists of a 15MSun red giant and a 10MSun black hole. Assume that the two stars are quite close together, so that an accretion disk surrounds the black hole.The artificial satellite on which the civilization lives orbits the binary star at a distance of 10 AU. 26) Sometime within the next million years or so, their planet is likely to b e doomed because A) jets of material torpedo out of the accretion disk will shoot down their planet. B) tidal ramps from the black hole will rip the planet apart. C) the red giant will probably undergo a supernova explosion within the next million years. D) their planet receives most of its energy from the red giant. However, this star will soon be completely devoured in the accretion disk and thus will no longer exist.E) the planets orbit step by step will decay as it is sucked in by the black hole. 27) Through a bizarre (and scientifically unexplainable) fluctuation in the spacetime continuum, a copy of a book titled Iguoonos How We Evolved appears on your desk. As you bring to read, you learn that the book describes the evolution of the people living in the star system described above. In the first chapter, you learn that these people evolved from organisms that lived 5 billion years ago. Which of the following statements should you expect to find as you continue to read this book?A) As a result of traumatic experiences of their evolutionary ancestors, they dislike television. B) They swear that the presence of two stars in their system was critical to their evolution. C) Their immediate ancestors were chimpanzees. D) They evolved from primitive wormlike creatures that had 13 legs, 4 eyes, and bald heads, thus explaining why such critters are now considered a spectacular delicacy. E) They evolved on a different planet in a different star system and get to their current location. 5AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final The following questions refer to the H-R diagram below that shows the life track of a 1-solar-mass star, with various layers labeled with Roman numerals. Figure 17. 1 28) Which stage lasts the longest? A) viii B) i C) iv D) iii E) vi 29) In the end, the remaining core of this star will be left behind as A) a supernova. B) a white dwarf make primarily of carbon and oxygen. C) a white dwarf made primarily of silicon and iron. D) a neutr on star. E) a black hole. 30) What is the Sun mainly made of?A) hydrogen and oxygen B) oxygen and carbon C) hydrogen and helium D) carbon and nitrogen E) nearly equal portions of all the elements 31) Which of the following comprise the oldest members of the Milky Way? A) red giant stars in spiral harness B) globose clusters C) Cepheid variables D) the Sun and other solar mass stars E) O stars 32) The wavelength of a wave is A) equal to the speed of the wave times the waves frequency. B) the distance between a superlative of the wave and the next trough. C) the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave. D) how strong the wave is.E) the distance between where the wave is emitted and where it is absorbed. 33) What is the name given to 2H? A) deuterium B) helium C) hydrogen D) tritium 6 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 34) Approximately how fast are you moving with the revolution of the earth around its axis? A) 130 km/hr B) 1,300 km/hr C) 13,000 km/hr D) 13 km/hr Final 35) W hat do astronomers mean by light taint? A) start out contamination refers to pollution caused by light industry as opposed to heavy industry. B) Light pollution refers to light used for human activities that brightens the sky and hinders astronomical observations.C) Light pollution refers to harmful gases emitted by universal street lights. D) Light pollution is another name for sunlight, which makes it impossible to see stars in the twenty-four hourstime. E) Light pollution refers to the lights that must be used inside major observatories and that make it difficult for astronomers eyes to adapt to darkness. 36) What evidence supports the galactic fountain model? A) We see a jet of ionized gas shooting out of the bulge of our galaxy. B) We have mapped several spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy. C) We have bumpd a lot of water molecules in the interstellar metier.D) We see hot gas above the disk of the galaxy and cool gas that appears to be raining down from the halo. E) We have no evidence yet for the galactic fountain model. 37) How do we know what happens at the event perspective of a black hole? A) Astronomers have analyzed the light from matter within the event horizon of many black holes. B) Astronomers have detected X rays from accretion disks around black holes. C) Astronomers have sent spacecraft through the event horizon of a nearby black hole. D) Physicists have created miniature black holes in the lab.E) We dont know for sure we only know what to expect based on the predictions of general relativity. 38) What is a central dominant galaxy? A) a giant spiral galaxy that exerts large tidal forces on other nearby galaxies B) a galaxy around which many other smaller galaxies orbit C) a hypothesized galaxy type that no longer exists but once dominated the structure of the universe D) a spiral galaxy from which many smaller galaxies form when it is stripped apart by tidal forces E) a giant elliptical galaxy at the center of a dense cluster 39) Th e study of energy levels in atoms is called A) piece physics.B) quantum mechanics. C) classical mechanics. D) general relativity. E) special relativity. 7 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 40) Why did the era of nuclei end when the universe was about 300,000 years old? A) All the free particles had combined to form the nuclei of atoms. B) Neutrinos and electrons were finally able to escape the germ plasm of the early universe and no longer heated the other particles. C) Photons were finally able to escape the germ plasm of the early universe and no longer heated the hydrogen and helium ions.D) The universe had rounded and cooled to a temperature of about 3,000 K, cool enough for stable, neutral atoms to form. E) No theory can explain this. 41) What causes the radio pulses of a pulsar? A) A black hole near the star absorbs energy and re-emits it as radio waves. B) The star vibrates. C) The star undergoes closureic explosions of nuclear fusion that generate radio emission. D) The stars orbiting companion periodically eclipses the radio waves emitted by the main pulsar. E) As the star spins, beams of radio radiation sweep through space. If one of the beams crosses the earth, we observe a pulse. 2) If we deliver the Milky Way Galaxy as the size of a grapefruit (10-cm diameter), the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy would be about A) 3 m. B) 100 km. C) 1 km. D) 10 cm. E) 30 m. 43) About where is our solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy? A) at the center of the galaxy B) about two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk C) about 10 percent of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk D) near the far outskirts of the galactic disk E) in the halo of the galaxy above the galactic disk 44) What is an astronomical unit?A) any basic unit used in astronomy B) the sightly speed of the earth around the Sun C) the diameter of the earths orbit around the Sun D) the average distance from the earth to the Sun E) the length of time it takes the earth to revolve around the Sun 45) How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets? A) It varied the motion of the celestial sphere so that it sometimes moved backward. B) It held that the planets moved on small circles that moved on larger circles around the Sun. C) It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the earth.D) It held that sometimes the planets moved backward along their circular orbits. E) It placed the Sun at the center so that the planets apparent retrograde motion was seen as the earth passed each one in its orbit. 46) What is meant by ghostlike resolution? A) It is the homogeneous as angulate resolution when applied to telescopes operating at different wavelengths. B) It is a measure of how close two point pedigrees can be distinguished. C) It is a measure of how much energy an object emits in different split of t he electromagnetic spectrum. D) It is a measure of how close two spectral lines can be distinguished. 8AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 47) The tides on Earth are an example of A) Newtons third law of motion. B) Newtons second law of motion. C) Newtons first law of motion. D) the universal law of gravitation. E) none of the above 48) What might be causing the universe to speed up? A) WIMPs B) dark gravity C) we dont know its a subject of continuing research D) MACHOs E) white-dwarf supernovae Final 49) White-dwarf supernovae are good standard candles for distance measurements for all the following reasons except which? A) All white-dwarf supernovae involve the explosion of stars of nearly the same mass.B) White-dwarf supernovae occur only among young and extremely bright stars. C) White-dwarf supernovae are common enough that we detect several every year. D) All white-dwarf supernovae have similar light curves, which makes them easy to distinguish from massive-star supernovae. E) White-dwarf supernovae are so bright that they can be detected even in very distant galaxies. 50) What do we mean by the singularity of a black hole? A) It is the center of the black hole, a place of infinite density where the known laws of physics cannot describe the conditions.B) An object can become a black hole only once, and a black hole cannot evolve into anything else. C) There are no binary black holes? each one is isolated. D) It is the point of no return of the black hole anything closer than this point will not be able to escape the gravitational force of the black hole. E) It is the edge of the black hole, where one could leave the observable universe. 51) Which of the following is an example in which you are traveling at constant speed but not at constant velocity?A) driving around in a circle at exactly 100 km/hr B) rolling freely down a hill in a cart, traveling in a straight line C) jumping up and down, with a period of exactly 60 hops per minute D) driving backward at exactly 50 km/hr E) none of the above 52) What is a superbubble? A) the region of space cleared by a powerful supernova B) a very low-density region of interstellar space, formed by the merger of several bubbles C) a very high-density region of interstellar space, filled with gas ejected from nearby star systems D) a bubble so large that it fills much of the galactic halo E) a cloud of gas that can form a million or more stars AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 53) No stars have been found with masses greater than 100 times our Sun because A) they would fragment into binary stars because of their rapid rotation. B) molecular clouds do not have enough material to form such massive stars. C) they would generate so much power that they would vagabond themselves apart. D) they are not bright enough to be seen nearby. E) they shine exclusively at X-ray wavelengths and become difficult to detect. 54) All of the following are involved in carrying energy outward from a stars core excep t A) conduction.B) radiative diffusion. C) neutrinos. D) convection. 55) In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do the biggest telescopes on Earth operate? A) ultraviolet B) radio C) infrared D) X-ray E) visible 56) Which is the strongest of the fundamental forces in the universe? A) weak force B) electromagnetic force C) strong force D) gravitational force E) none of the above 57) The path that led to modern acquirement emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world? A) China B) North America C) Southern Asia D) the Mediterranean and the lay East E) Central and South AmericaFinal 58) Most of the energy produced in the Sun is released in the form of visible light from the photosphere. However, some energy is released from the hurrying layers of the solar nimbus. Which of the following best describes where other forms of light are released? A) The convection zone is the lineage of ultraviolet light, and the upper photosphere is the source of X rays. B) The c hromosphere is the source of infrared light, and the corona is the source of ultraviolet light. C) The chromosphere is the source of X rays, and the corona is the source of radio waves.D) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light, and the corona is the source of X rays. 59) How did Edwin Hubble measure the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy? A) He applied the period-luminosity similitude to Cepheid variables. B) He used white dwarf supernovae. C) He deduced it from its redshift. D) He used main-sequence fitting. E) He measured its parallax. 10 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 60) Dr. smith believes that the Hubble constant is H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc. Dr. Jones believes it is H0 = 50 Final km/s/Mpc.Which statement below automatically follows? A) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is younger than Dr. Jones believes. B) Dr. Smith believes that the Andromeda Galaxy (a member of our Local Group) is moving away from us at a faster speed than Dr. Jones believes. C) Dr. Smith believe s that the universe is expanding, but Dr. Jones does not. D) Dr. Smith believes that the universe will someday stop expanding, while Dr. Jones believes it will expand forever. E) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is older than Dr. Jones believes. 61) What is an artificial star?A) a meteor B) the unseen member of a binary star system C) a satellite orbiting the earth D) a point of light in the earths atmosphere created by a laser for the purpose of monitoring atmospheric fluctuations E) a possible source of dark matter in the universe 62) When we see X rays from an accretion disk in a binary system, we cant instantly tell whether the accretion disk surrounds a neutron star or a black hole. Suppose we then observe each of the following phenomena in this system. Which one would force us to immediately rule out the possibility of a black hole?A) bright X-ray emission that varies on a time scale of a few hours B) spectral lines from the companion star that alternately shift to shorte r and longer wavelengths C) visible and ultraviolet light from the companion star D) sudden, intense X-ray bursts 63) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would we find white dwarfs? A) upper left B) lower right C) lower left D) upper right 64) On a cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is compressed into 1 year, when did Kepler and Galileo first discover that we live on a planet in a solar system?A) 1 second ago B) December 30 C) 1 week ago D) December 25 E) 1 day ago 65) Why does the Big Bang theory predict that the cosmic background radiation should have a perfect caloric radiation spectrum? A) It doesnt predict that the cosmic background radiation should have a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. B) The spectrum of 75 percent hydrogen and 25 percent helium is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. C) The light from all the stars and gas in the sky averaged over the ideal universe is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum.D) The spectrum of pure hydrogen is a pe rfect thermal radiation spectrum. E) The background radiation came from the heat of the universe, with a peak corresponding to the temperature of the universe. 11 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 66) If a material is transparent, then it A) scatters light well. B) emits light well. C) transmits light well. D) absorbs light well. E) reflects light well. 67) He observe what we now call Newtons first law of motion. A) Ptolemy B) Galileo C) Tycho Brahe 68) Where was the Sun in Ptolemys model of the universe?A) slightly appendage from the center B) between the earth and the Moons orbit C) at the outer edge, beyond Saturns orbit D) between the orbits of genus Venus and Mars E) at the center Final D) Kepler E) Copernicus 69) Why do we expect the cosmic background radiation to be almost, but not quite, the same in all directions? A) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but the universe must have contained some regions of higher density in order for galaxies to form. B) The temperature of the universe can be found by taking an average over the entire sky, but separate stars will create peaks in the spectrum over small angles.C) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but the synthesis of different elements produces varying signatures within the background spectrum. D) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but intervening gas between us and the era of nuclei absorbs wavelengths depending on the composition and redshift of the gas. E) Dark matter consisting of WIMPs greatly smooths out the spectrum, but the small patches of light matter create peaks in the spectrum. 70) A star of spectral type O lives approximately how long on the main sequence?A) 10,000 years B) 1 million years C) 1,000 years D) 1 billion years E) 100 million years 71) If you wanted to observe a molecular cloud, in which of the ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum would you most likely observe? (There are additional possibilities. ) A) infrared B) gamma-ray C) X-ray D) ultraviolet E) visible 72) How do we learn about what is going on in the center of our own galaxy (the Milky Way)? A) We cannot see the galactic center with visible or ultraviolet light, but radio and X rays from the center can be detected.B) The gas and dust in the Milky Way prevent any type of direct observation of the galactic center, but theoretical models allow us to predict what is happening there. C) We have learned it only recently, thanks to the great photographs obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. D) We must look at the centers of other galaxies and hope that ours is just like others. 12 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 73) The age of the universe is A) between 100 billion and clx billion years. B) between 100 million and 160 million years. C) between 1 billion and 1. 6 billion years.D) between 10 billion and 16 billion years. E) between 10 million and 16 million years. Final 74) Which forces have physicists shown to be the same force under con ditions of very high temperature or energy, as confirmed by experiments in particle accelerators? A) the strong and electromagnetic forces B) the electromagnetic and weak forces C) gravity and the strong force D) the strong and weak forces E) gravity and the weak force 75) Cluster ages can be determined from A) main sequence fitting. B) pulsating variable stars. C) ocular binaries. D) main sequence turnoff. E) spectroscopic binaries. 6) The spectral sequence sorts stars according to A) radius. B) mass. C) luminosity. D) surface temperature. E) core temperature. 77) Why wasnt the intracluster mediocre in galaxy clusters discovered until the 1970s? A) The medium emits X rays, which are blocked by the earths atmosphere and require X-ray satellites in space in order to be observed. B) We didnt have the resolution to observe galaxy clusters until then. C) We did not know how much dark matter existed before then. D) Radiation emitted by the medium was so dim that we couldnt detect it un til we built much larger telescopes.E) The Milky Way was blocking our view of distant galaxy clusters. 78) The most active galactic nuclei are usually found at large distances from us relatively few nearby galaxies have active galactic nuclei. What does this imply? A) Active galactic nuclei tend to become less active as they age. B) Active galactic nuclei can form only at large distances from the Milky Way. C) The jets seen in many active galactic nuclei must cause them to move far away from us. D) Massive black holes existed only when the universe was young and no longer exist today. 13 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 9) Which of the following is an example of baryonic matter? A) neutrinos B) you C) mesons produced by physicists in particle accelerators D) electrons and positrons produced by pair production E) WIMPs Final 80) How can we see through the interstellar medium? A) by using only the biggest telescopes B) by observing only the brightest visible sources C) by using tele scopes above the earths atmosphere D) by observing in high-energy wavelengths such as X rays and long wavelengths of light such as radio waves E) We cannot see through the interstellar medium. 1) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that have the greatest mass? A) upper right B) lower left C) lower right D) upper left 82) What is nuclear fusion? A) an explosion caused by putting together two volatile chemicals B) a process that only occurs in bombs C) the process of splitting nuclei to produce energy D) the process of combining whippersnapper nuclei to make heavier nuclei E) the process of turning matter into pure energy 83) He developed a system for predicting planetary positions that remained in use for some 1,500 years.A) Copernicus B) Tycho Brahe C) Kepler D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 84) What causes stars to twinkle? A) variable absorption by interstellar gas along the line of sight to the star B) the inability of the human eye to see faint objects C) crease of light rays by turbulent layers in the atmosphere D) variations in the absorption of the atmosphere E) It is intrinsic to the starstheir brightness varies as they expand and contract. 5) The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that the earth and other planets orbit the Sun. A) Copernicus B) Kepler C) Tycho Brahe D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 86) What is a typical mass-to-light ratio for the inner region of a spiral galaxy, in units of solar masses per solar luminosity? A) 6 B) 0. 1 C) 1,000 D) 600 E) 100 14 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 87) In the formula E = mc2, what does E re expose?A) the mass-energy, or potential energy stored in an objects mass B) the radiative energy carried by light C) the electric charge of the object D) the kinetic energy of a moving object E) the gravitational potential energy of an object held above the ground The following questions refer to the sketch below of an H-R diagram for a star cluster. Figure 17. 2 Final 88) Based on its main-sequence turnoff point, the age of this cluster is A) about 10 billion years. B) less than 1 billion years. C) more than 15 billion years. D) about 2 billion years. E) about 1 billion years. 9) What percentage of a molecular clouds mass is interstellar dust? A) 1% B) 28% C) 50% D) 12% E) 1-50%, depending on the mass of the molecular cloud 90) Which of the following correctly states the luminosity-distance formula? luminosity A) distance = 4? ? (apparent brightness)2 B) apparent brightness = luminosity ? 4? ? (distance)2 apparent brightness C) luminosity = 4? ? (distance)2 D) apparent brightness = luminosity 4? ? (distance)2 15 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 91) Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy by A) looking at the shape of the milky band across he sky. B) chromosome mapping the distribution of globular clusters in the galaxy. C) mapping the distribution of stars in th e galaxy. D) looking at other nearby spiral galaxies. E) mapping the distribution of gas clouds in the spiral arms. 92) Which of the following statements about stages of nuclear burning (i. e. , first-stage hydrogen burning, second-stage helium burning, etc. ) in a massive star is not true? A) Each sequential stage creates an element with a higher atomic weight. B) As each stage ends, the core shrinks further.C) Each successive stage of fusion requires higher temperatures than the previous stages. D) Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same come in of time. Final 93) Which of the following is not true of quasars? A) Some quasars are more than a thousand times more luminous than the Milky Way. B) Some quasars can change their brightness every few hours. C) Quasars are powered by the energy radiated by matter falling into a central black hole. D) Quasars are powered by the intense production of large numbers of stars that can only be continue for a relatively short ti me.E) Quasars were more common in the past. 94) How does the spectrum of a molecule differ from the spectrum of an atom? A) Molecules only have spectral lines at ultraviolet wavelengths. B) Most atoms only have spectral lines at infrared wavelengths. C) A molecule does not have spectral lines due to electrons changing energy levels. D) A molecule has additional spectral lines due to changes in its rotational and vibrational energies. E) An atom has a wider range of spectral lines than molecules. 95) We can learn a lot about the properties of a star by canvass its spectrum.All of the following statements are true except one. Which one? A) We can identify chemical elements present in the star by recognizing patterns of spectral lines that correspond to particular chemicals. B) We can look at Doppler shifts of spectral lines to determine the stars speed toward or away from us. C) The total amount of light in the spectrum tells us the stars radius. D) The peak of the stars thermal emis sion tells us its temperature Hotter stars peak at shorter (bluer) wavelengths. 96) Where does the energy come from that your body uses to keep you unrecorded?A) It is produced from the radiative energy of the Sun on your skin. B) It comes from the foods you eat. C) It is created during the time that you rest or sleep. D) It is in the air that you breathe. E) It comes from the water you drink. 16 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 97) Which of the following statements best describes the two principal advantages of telescopes over eyes? A) Telescopes have much more magnification and better angular resolution. B) Telescopes can collect far more light with far better angular resolution. C) Telescopes can collect far more light with far greater magnification.D) Telescopes collect more light and are unaffected by twinkling. E) Telescopes can see farther without run across distortion and can record more accurate colors. 98) According to the universal law of gravitation, if you tri ple the distance between two objects, then the gravitational force between them will A) decrease by a factor of 9. B) decrease by a factor of 6. C) decrease by a factor of 3. D) increase by a factor of 3. E) increase by a factor of 9. 99) Degeneracy pressure is the source of the pressure that stops the crush of gravity in all the following except A) a neutron star.B) a brown dwarf. C) the central core of the Sun after hydrogen fusion ceases but before helium fusion begins. D) a very massive main-sequence star. E) a white dwarf. 100) Which of the following is not a maintain quantity? A) momentum C) energy B) angular momentum D) radiation 17 Answer rudimentary Testname FINAL_071212 1) E 2) E 3) E 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) D 9) E 10) C 11) D 12) E 13) B 14) E 15) C 16) A 17) E 18) A 19) E 20) B 21) D 22) D 23) B 24) E 25) E 26) C 27) E 28) D 29) B 30) C 31) B 32) C 33) A 34) B 35) B 36) D 37) E 38) E 39) B 0) D 41) E 42) A 43) B 44) D 45) C 46) D 47) D 48) C 18 Answer Key Testname FINAL _071212 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) 70) 71) 72) 73) 74) 75) 76) 77) 78) 79) 80) 81) 82) 83) 84) 85) 86) 87) 88) 89) 90) 91) 92) 93) 94) 95) 96) B A A B C A B C D D A A D D C A E C B D A B A A D B D D A A B D D D E C A A A A A D B D D D C B 19 Answer Key Testname FINAL_071212 97) B 98) A 99) D 100) D 20