Uses for Seaweed

Cfa Level 3 2013 Summary - 8327 Words

Behavioral Heuristics – Check Anchor/OAR Availability– Conservatism, Anchoring, Overconfidence, Ambiguity aversion, Representativeness, Availability Traditional Finance – TF-RAR - Risk averse, Asset integration, Rational expectations Behavioral Finance – BF-LAB - Loss averse, Asset segregation, Biased expectations Type of Investors – CMIS - Cautious, Methodical, Individualistic, Spontaneous IPS Process – OCSAEEA, Old Cars Sell At Eastern European Auctions – Objectives, Constraints, Strategy, Allocation, Execution, Evaluation, Adjustments IPS Constraints – URLIT - Unique, Regulatory/legal, Liquidity, tIme, Tax TDA vs. TEA – Higher Enders Take TEA – Higher Ending Tax rate TEA better Residence vs. Source – Pay Greater rate with†¦show more content†¦This is a sign of heuristic-driven bias. Behavioral finance assumes that: 1.investors are loss averse, which means they prefer uncertain losses to certain losses. 2.investors exhibit biased expectations, due to overconfidence in their ability to forecast the future. 3.investors construct portfolios via asset segregation, meaning that they tend to focus on an asset’s individual investment features versus its impact on the overall portfolio position By admitting his mistake but reiterating other projections, one used the single predictor defense. Feeling that they should spread out their risk, but not knowing how leads to the 1/n diversification heuristic. Often times, participants will only have a rough understanding of the effects of correlation and diversification and will simply divide their assets equally over the investment options in the plan in an attempt diversify their portfolio. DC participants tend to hold excess stock of the company they work for due to familiarity and a perceived endorsement by management. 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Frida Kahlo Free Essays

The documentary talked about the Mexican painter Friday Kohl who was best known for her unique series of self-portraits. I knew about her artwork and was quite amazed by her way of portraying self-portraits in an extraordinary expression before I watched this documentary. After watching the video, I understand more about the reasons why her painting was done this way. We will write a custom essay sample on Frida Kahlo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her artworks brought the pieces of her life stories to the audience. Her marriage with Diego Riviera contributes the later works of her. It was the main influence of her life. If she did not meet Diego Riviera, e would probably see a total Friday Kohl. The complicated relationship from inability of reproduction, Dies unfaithfulness, Kohl’s affairs, divorce to remarriage created the Kohl who was physically and emotionally torn. She expressed her life problems in her paintings, her tragic and exotic figures brand her personal art career. However the important event in her life was the undergo of the miscarriage and abortion. It portrayed the painful personal of Kohl that reflected in the emotional disorder of her artwork. Kohl wanted a child very much, her nightmares ND thoughts about fertility was shown. The fertility dream is the part which I like most about the documentary. It portrays a woman’s struggle and pain for losing the ability to have a baby, the heart wrenching when you wish for a child of you and your loves one but you have lost the reproductive system ability. The artwork Henry Ford Hospital (The Flying Bed) provokes the emotions in us. I would also think that this painting attract the attention the issue on fertility, at the same time encourage the public to take care of their reproductive health. It would make a different influence to Kohl’s career if she was not living in Mexico. In her paintings, a strong indigenous Mexican culture was shown in the use of intense color and primitive style. She also wore traditional indigenous clothing of Mexico as shown in her paintings. If she was living in Europe or America, the colors she used and costumes will most probably reflect the scene of the country instead. The humming birds and monkey painted are animals in Mexican mythology. The folk cultural content will disappear and she will robbery express her self-portrait in another way. I am surprised by the Mexicans attitude to death in the documentary. The way they took death in a celebration manner shocked me. She even painted a dead child and put in on top of her bed. Collection of skeleton in her house showed her close association with death, either death of children or the death itself. I do not agree with Andre Bretons description of Kohl’s work as surrealist. Friday Kohl painted her own stories, she did not paint dreams. The dream-like fantasy atmosphere she painted is a metaphor to her own life. Her pain and Joy were represented by elements that are irrational and imaginary. They were all what she had been through, but not dream. In my point of view, Friday Kohl was an amazing independent artist. In response to her tragic life, she painted. She triumphed over her life problems by her own strength and self- determination. Painting the reality helped in expressing her pain and tears, a way of releasing perhaps helped in easing her suffering process. She revealed her life in art and this has helped to address the issues to the public that serves as a reminder and encouragement. How to cite Frida Kahlo, Papers Frida Kahlo Free Essays Art Essay – Friday Kohl The Mexican Surrealist artist, Friday Kohl, uses her personal experience, marriage and tragedies to express her feelings and emotions in her artworks. The artworks, Recurred (Memory), Henry Ford Hospital and The Two Fridays, all use personal imagery, signs, symbols and everyday occurrences to show her experiences. Kohl’s artworks are personal and thought provoking and have made her one of the 20th centuries most enduring and popular artists. We will write a custom essay sample on Frida Kahlo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Friday Kohl was born on the 6th July, 1907 in Mexico. When she was a young girl she suffered from polio. When she was 18, she and her boyfriend were involved in a bus accident. A metal pole pieced Friday Kohl through her pelvis area. She suffered many injuries including a fractured spine, ribs, collarbone and pelvis. She endured more than thirty operations following the accident and was told she would be unable to have children. During her recovery in hospital, Kohl began painting. She painted mainly self-portraits using a mirror above her hospital bed. Friday Kohl married at 22 too man called Diego Riviera. Their legislation was plagued with divorce, affairs and Kohl’s inability to have children. Friday Kohl suffered from gangrene in the years before her death which resulted in her having her right leg amputated below the knee. Kohl died on the 13th July, 1954. She painted about 200 artworks and held many exhibitions over the course of her life. Recurred (Memory) is a very symbolic artwork painted by Friday Kohl in 1937. It describes her pain when her husband, Diego, had an affair with Friday Kohl’s sister, Christina. Although her face appears expressionless, the tears pouring down her face vales that she suffering from immense emotional pain. The tears may also represent her physical pain at having a metal rod piece her chest and her heart being ripped out. Her broken heart now lies at her feet. The size of her heart emphasizes the sheer intensity of the pain she is experiencing from Diego and her sister’s betrayal. She has painted this self-portrait without her hands, suggesting that she is experiencing feelings of helplessness and despair. The two outfits on either side of her, represent the happier times Kohl experienced with Diego. Her school uniform signifies that Friday Kohl met Diego when she was still at school. The other outfit is a Mexican dress. It symbolizes the Friday Kohl that Diego loved. Diego loved Friday Kohl’s long hair so she cut it off to spite him. That is why this artwork pictures Friday Kohl with cropped short hair. Friday Kohl painted the artwork, ‘Henry Ford Hospital’ in 1932, directly after leaving the hospital following her second miscarriage. This artwork contains a lot of symbolism and is a representation of the pain of experiencing a miscarriage. Kohl has painted herself naked, lying on her back on top of a hospital bed at Henry Ford hospital. She has blood on the sheets beneath her pelvic area and a tear flows from her left eye showing the viewer the pain she is experiencing. The six images that float around the bed, each relate to her miscarriage. They are all connected to her by red lines which can be interpreted as umbilical cords. The diagram of a woman’s torso is painted in the left upper corner and shows the workings of a female body and reproductive system. The image to the eight of it, shows an almost fully formed male fetus. It represents the child she lost due to the miscarriage. She refers to the miscarriage child as Disguise (Little Diego). The image in the right upper corner is a snail. It implies that the length and pace off miscarriage is very slow and tiring. Below that is an image of a pelvic bone. This directly related to Kohl, explaining graphically that she was unable to have a child due to a shattered pelvis which she sustained in the bus accident. The orchard was a gift from her husband Diego. The Two Fridays was painted in 1939 during the time Friday Kohl and Diego were getting divorced. She has used a lot of symbolism to show how much pain the divorce had caused her. The left Friday is the unhappy one that Diego no longer loves. She is displayed in a European style dress and is holding the hand-held scissors that are severing her ties with Diego. Her heart has been painted in a damaged manner, showing how the divorce has broken her and left her emotionally unstable. The right Friday represents the happy one that Diego loved. She s dressed in her traditional Mexican clothing and is showing a whole, happy and healthy heart. In her hand, she is holding a picture of Diego. A cord is connecting her to this picture, suggesting they were lovers. The two Friday’s are Joined by their hands and by a cord. When Kohl was younger she had an imaginary friend who was a girl. Many believe that Kohl included her in the artwork but I believe that it meaner the only person she can rely on is herself. Diego has left her resulting in Kohl pushing all her friends away so in the end she is the only one left. The background shows a Tory sky, explaining her emotions perfectly. Friday Kohl once said, â€Å"l suffered two grave accidents in my life. One in which a streetcar knocked me down†¦ The other accident is Diego’. This meaner that the bus accident caused her physical pain and Diego caused her emotional pain. Friday Kohl has used a lot of symbolism and imagery in her artworks, Recurred (Memory), Henry Ford Hospital and The Two Fridays, to show her personal experiences and tragedies. She used her paintings to express her feelings as she suffered physical and emotional pain throughout her life. How to cite Frida Kahlo, Papers

Main Street Analysis Essay Example For Students

Main Street Analysis Essay Sinclair Lewis makes point of the efforts that Carol produces to reform her new home. These efforts can be perceived by the townspeople as unwelcomed and unsuccessful. Some of Carols ideas are ludicrous, out of proportion and not ready for the slow-moving town. She tries several different approaches to reforming the town from the moment of her arrival. She goes from architectural reform to poetic reform to artistic to introducing liberalism to amusing social functions. All of these tactics she hopes will spring forth a reform movement to beautify and culturalize the town and people. Her initial attempts at bringing the town out of its shell consisted of throwing fun and exciting parties. Such as her Chinese house-warming party on page 66. She plans this social event as a way to bring the people out of their normal funeral parlor routine of sitting in a circle and making small talk. For the moment she is successful, but soon after she implements sledding, skiing and skating outings, p eople begin to recoil back into their normal routines. Again, Carol is frustrated with the progress of the town, and she soon feels rejected by the social elite at the Jolly Seventeen club on page 78. Her attempts to open the minds of the Jolly Seventeen to the issues of the lower class, backfires into a discussion of foreign incompetencies and laziness. Her reputation becomes the antithesis of Gopher Prairie social beliefs and structure. After presumably months of social reclusion, Carol is coerced to attend a meeting of the Thanatopsis club. She is revitalized and excited about this new opportunity she has been given to discuss a favorite topic of English poetry. Assuming an in-depth reading of selected poems and lively discussions will take up the time, she is startled by the biographical and historical information that is shown off as great literary papers. Her idea of starting a dramatics association after a night of charades, becomes such in the weeks to follow. She experience s the overwhelming control of small town politics and agreement with association that is exhibited in the play selection process. Her choice for the leading lady is dictated by the longing for social acceptance and the simple art of sucking up. She ascertains that her vision of the perfect play has been tainted by the unmotivated, unreliable and unscrupulous cast she has assembled. The consistent snide, off-handed remarks and unannounced, unwanted suggestions echo the toils of community theater groups across the present Midwest. Carol has wonderful aspirations and ideas to help awaken the sleepy town of Gopher Prairie, but she is held back by the stiff, stubborn close-mindedness of the small town. The obstacles she encounters are her own self-criticisms. It is quite true that the townswomen gossip about her to no end, but if she could stop and listen, they gossip about each other just as much. She does not comprehend that the common means of conversation in the town are achieved thr ough the criticizing of others. Carol will never attain her dream village if she does not learn how to communicate with, understand and work with the people of Gopher Prairie. Words/ Pages : 524 / 24

Investigation into how mass affects the rate of fall of cup cakes Essay Example

Investigation into how mass affects the rate of fall of cup cakes Essay Aim: In this investigation we will observe and analyse the rate of fall of cup cakes when the mass is altered.In my preliminary work we conducted experiments where we dropped a large surface area parachute and small surface area parachute from the same height of 1 metre and 1.5 metres. The purpose of this preliminary experiment is to familiarise and understand the principles involved in the experiment.Diagram:Results of preliminary experiment (1):Parachute dropped at 1 metre -Time in seconds to fall 1 metreSmall surface area parachute1.161.221.25Large surface area parachute2.002.031.84Average:Time in seconds to fall 1 metreSmall surface area parachute1.21Large surface area parachute1.96From these results we can see that, the larger the surface of the parachute will fall at a slower speed compared to a smaller parachute with a smaller surface area, which will fall at a faster speed. A larger surface area increases the air resistance, and slows the fall.Another experiment that was cond ucted is where cup cakes are dropped at the same level, the variable being the weight of the paper cup. The weight was increased but adding paperclips to the paper cup.Diagram:Results of preliminary experiment (2):1.151.071.141.281.121.121.211.181.161.23Average time taken to fall in seconds5.165.91From these particular results we can tell that the more paper clips added the heavier the falling object is and the faster it will reach the ground.Because the weight and gravity are not balanced then paper cup accelerated in that direction. The rate of fall increased as the weight increased.Experiment: Investigation into how mass affects the rate of falling cup cakesAPPARATUS* Paper cups * 2. Metre sticks * Clamp * StopwatchDiagram of materials in useMETHODOnce the apparatus is set up correctly, at the height of 2 metres from the floor we will drop the paper cup and record the time it takes to finish the 2 metre drop.2 metres is chosen as the height as it allows time to release the paper cup and start and stop the clock sufficiently. As opposed to a shorter distance e.g. 1 metre where it allows errors to be made since it reaches the ground so fast, the person timing, their reflexes may not be fast enough to react accurately. 2 metres is also a practical height as it can be reached if we use a chair to aid us. If we increased the height to 3 metres the paper cup is more likely to be affected by disturbances towards the experiment e.g. Drafts.The paper cup will be dropped 3 times at each selected mass to insure accurate results and hopefully rule out any erroneous results.Ive chosen to drop the paper cup in an upright position (__/) because it is more streamline and so the particles in the air can travel at an equal velocity and low frictional drag.If the paper cup is dropped upside down (/ ) there will be an increased turbulent force as the streamline are more irregular and high frictional drag, these factors are more likely to affect the results.Table of selected Ra nge:RANGE1 cup2 cups3 cups4 cups5 cupsI believe this is a good range as the mass is steadily increased. Also the differences between each cup, in ascending order are equal.To ensure that it will be a fair test there will only be one variable which is the mass of the paper cups, everything else will be kept the same.2 metres is chosen as it is an adequate time to release the cup as well as record the time sufficiently. At a shorter distance our reflexes may not be quick enough to react to the touchdown of the paper cup and an increased distance will allow more outside factors to affect the drop of the paper cup e.g. drafts. Ive came to the decision through the preliminary experiments where at dropping the parachutes from 1 metre we found it difficult to record an accurate time. The height of 2 metres will be kept through out the whole experiment.The paper cups itself will be of the same type and brand new so this minimizes and disturbments to the shape or creases of the cup, this wil l help maintain a streamline shape.So that the time can be recorded as accurately as possible, one specific person will be stopping the clock only, so all distractions are minimal, they will not have to concentrate on any other task e.g. dropping the cup. So hopefully the recorded times will be accurate. If we had to combine the jobs of dropping the paper cup as well as stopping the clock this could delay the reflexes and result in an inaccurate time being recorded.Each experiment will be repeated three times on each mass to rule out any errors.From my preliminary work, I can use Newtons Second Law to aid my prediction of the experiment;If there is an UNBALANCED FORCE, then the object will accelerate in that direction. The size of the acceleration is decided by the formula F = ma A= F/MAlso, acceleration is proportional to force. The acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass -As the paper cups will have different masses this will affect the terminal velocityV = Initial velo city + (Acceleration à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Time)So from this formula I know that an increased mass will increase the fall of the paper cup.1) Initially the forces will be unbalanced so the paper cup will accelerate2) But then the two forces will balance out and move at a steady speed, this is because it has reached terminal velocity.- Due to a greater mass there will be a greater terminal velocity.The earths gravitational pull on the paper cup is proportional to its mass. The strength of the earths gravitational field is 10N/kg. The weight of an object is the force that gravity exerts on it, and is equal to the objects mass à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ the pull of gravity on each kg.Weight = mgAnd the size of g can show the gravitational acceleration g = w/m.So, the paper cup which has the biggest, as will accelerate faster.Both balls have a spread of 40 m/s. At this speed the weight of the red ball is balanced be air resistance but the heavier green ball is still accelerating.Surface area also affects the speed of fall; an object with a large surface area will be slowed down and shown in preliminary experiment with the parachutes.However in this particular experiment the surface are will stay the same, perhaps a minute increase of surface area where the added paper cups are places around the rim, but this would only make a minor difference.So, from these formulas I predict that as the mass increases, the time taken to fall a 2 metre distance will be less compared to the smaller mass paper cups. There will be a higher terminal velocity reached by the larger mass paper cups which will result in a quicker fallIve illustrated my results in a graph; I predict the graph to be inversely proportional. Investigation into how mass affects the rate of fall of cup cakes Essay Example Investigation into how mass affects the rate of fall of cup cakes Essay Aim: In this investigation we will observe and analyse the rate of fall of cup cakes when the mass is altered.In my preliminary work we conducted experiments where we dropped a large surface area parachute and small surface area parachute from the same height of 1 metre and 1.5 metres. The purpose of this preliminary experiment is to familiarise and understand the principles involved in the experiment.Diagram:Results of preliminary experiment (1):Parachute dropped at 1 metre -Time in seconds to fall 1 metreSmall surface area parachute1.161.221.25Large surface area parachute2.002.031.84Average:Time in seconds to fall 1 metreSmall surface area parachute1.21Large surface area parachute1.96From these results we can see that, the larger the surface of the parachute will fall at a slower speed compared to a smaller parachute with a smaller surface area, which will fall at a faster speed. A larger surface area increases the air resistance, and slows the fall.Another experiment that was cond ucted is where cup cakes are dropped at the same level, the variable being the weight of the paper cup. The weight was increased but adding paperclips to the paper cup.Diagram:Results of preliminary experiment (2):1.151.071.141.281.121.121.211.181.161.23Average time taken to fall in seconds5.165.91From these particular results we can tell that the more paper clips added the heavier the falling object is and the faster it will reach the ground.Because the weight and gravity are not balanced then paper cup accelerated in that direction. The rate of fall increased as the weight increased.Experiment: Investigation into how mass affects the rate of falling cup cakesAPPARATUS* Paper cups * 2. Metre sticks * Clamp * StopwatchDiagram of materials in useMETHODOnce the apparatus is set up correctly, at the height of 2 metres from the floor we will drop the paper cup and record the time it takes to finish the 2 metre drop.2 metres is chosen as the height as it allows time to release the paper cup and start and stop the clock sufficiently. As opposed to a shorter distance e.g. 1 metre where it allows errors to be made since it reaches the ground so fast, the person timing, their reflexes may not be fast enough to react accurately. 2 metres is also a practical height as it can be reached if we use a chair to aid us. If we increased the height to 3 metres the paper cup is more likely to be affected by disturbances towards the experiment e.g. Drafts.The paper cup will be dropped 3 times at each selected mass to insure accurate results and hopefully rule out any erroneous results.Ive chosen to drop the paper cup in an upright position (__/) because it is more streamline and so the particles in the air can travel at an equal velocity and low frictional drag.If the paper cup is dropped upside down (/ ) there will be an increased turbulent force as the streamline are more irregular and high frictional drag, these factors are more likely to affect the results.Table of selected Ra nge:RANGE1 cup2 cups3 cups4 cups5 cupsI believe this is a good range as the mass is steadily increased. Also the differences between each cup, in ascending order are equal.To ensure that it will be a fair test there will only be one variable which is the mass of the paper cups, everything else will be kept the same.2 metres is chosen as it is an adequate time to release the cup as well as record the time sufficiently. At a shorter distance our reflexes may not be quick enough to react to the touchdown of the paper cup and an increased distance will allow more outside factors to affect the drop of the paper cup e.g. drafts. Ive came to the decision through the preliminary experiments where at dropping the parachutes from 1 metre we found it difficult to record an accurate time. The height of 2 metres will be kept through out the whole experiment.The paper cups itself will be of the same type and brand new so this minimizes and disturbments to the shape or creases of the cup, this wil l help maintain a streamline shape.So that the time can be recorded as accurately as possible, one specific person will be stopping the clock only, so all distractions are minimal, they will not have to concentrate on any other task e.g. dropping the cup. So hopefully the recorded times will be accurate. If we had to combine the jobs of dropping the paper cup as well as stopping the clock this could delay the reflexes and result in an inaccurate time being recorded.Each experiment will be repeated three times on each mass to rule out any errors.From my preliminary work, I can use Newtons Second Law to aid my prediction of the experiment;If there is an UNBALANCED FORCE, then the object will accelerate in that direction. The size of the acceleration is decided by the formula F = ma A= F/MAlso, acceleration is proportional to force. The acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass -As the paper cups will have different masses this will affect the terminal velocityV = Initial velo city + (Acceleration à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Time)So from this formula I know that an increased mass will increase the fall of the paper cup.1) Initially the forces will be unbalanced so the paper cup will accelerate2) But then the two forces will balance out and move at a steady speed, this is because it has reached terminal velocity.- Due to a greater mass there will be a greater terminal velocity.The earths gravitational pull on the paper cup is proportional to its mass. The strength of the earths gravitational field is 10N/kg. The weight of an object is the force that gravity exerts on it, and is equal to the objects mass à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ the pull of gravity on each kg.Weight = mgAnd the size of g can show the gravitational acceleration g = w/m.So, the paper cup which has the biggest, as will accelerate faster.Both balls have a spread of 40 m/s. At this speed the weight of the red ball is balanced be air resistance but the heavier green ball is still accelerating.Surface area also affects the speed of fall; an object with a large surface area will be slowed down and shown in preliminary experiment with the parachutes.However in this particular experiment the surface are will stay the same, perhaps a minute increase of surface area where the added paper cups are places around the rim, but this would only make a minor difference.So, from these formulas I predict that as the mass increases, the time taken to fall a 2 metre distance will be less compared to the smaller mass paper cups. There will be a higher terminal velocity reached by the larger mass paper cups which will result in a quicker fallIve illustrated my results in a graph; I predict the graph to be inversely proportional.

What Role Do Job Descriptions Play in Training at Apex Essays

What Role Do Job Descriptions Play in Training at Apex Essays What Role Do Job Descriptions Play in Training at Apex Paper What Role Do Job Descriptions Play in Training at Apex Paper Question # 1 What role do job descriptions play in training at Apex? Answer: Job descriptions set the boundaries of jobs in terms of required knowledge and skills. It is a description of the task in adjusting the limits of work in terms with the necessary knowledge and skills. By understanding the job description, a trainer can define the learning requirements or the material requirements for new or transitioning employees. The central problem is that Jim Delaney, president of the Apex Door Company, cannot get his employees to do specific tasks without messing up. The causes of the central problem are that when employees dont understand something. These problems come in front us us clearly when it says about employers that â€Å"decide to do it their own way†. Here we clearly explore the lacking of Appex Door Company not to having a through guide line or job description about the job they are doing. Apex Door Company surely has a job description but it is surely out of date or not updated regularly. If so then the employees should remain ware of minimize the use of steel in mega constructions size as it will not only minimize the amount of steel but also increase the net profit for Apex Door Company The role of job description of Apex Door Company should be clear, univocal and regularly cheeked to meet the latest market demand in quickest time with minimum expense. Alternative solutions are that each job has a training manual, and that new up to date job descriptions be written. Question # 3 Explain in detail what you would do to improve the training process at Apex. Make sure to provide specific suggestions. Answer: After reviewing the case it’s for sure that Appex Door Company must rebuild their training process to overcome their problems. A formal (written) and updated Job description: The employees of Appex Door Company â€Å"decide to do it their own way† which is a major drawback for this company. As by this view an employee will never taught what he should do and how the gain of company will maximize. A written guideline will not only assist to do so but make bound to do what is Appex Door Company ordered him to do so. A drawback of job description is that it is effective for a limited time period. To overcome this Appex management should regularly update their Job description Developing Appropriate Training: Job description will not be sufficient to build up the employee unless the train up to do so. The traing should not be given carelessly which was done in previous by providing ex employers. If it’s not possible by themselves then they should bring out expert from outside to ensure the most appropriate and effective training for Appex employers and this Training procedures would be documented for each position of the company Supervise the training process: For Appex Door Company the training process will assist with three aspects. The boss (owners of Appex Door Company) Training Department (trainer) Prospective trainees (employees) The owners of Appex Door Company will supervise the entire task through trainer. And after training they should measure either the training was effective or not and then take further actions.

French revolution and Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

French revolution and Enlightenment - Essay Example privileged, power and the control of the Revolution was passed on from the privileged class to the middle class, and then, temporarily, to the poor and extreme – the sans-cullotes in Paris. It is in this sense that the French Revolution of 1789, which lasted for ten years, is hailed by historians as an event which changed societies. The idea of nationalism, as known in modern times, was a product of the French Revolution. It also provided the empirical data from which Karl Marx, among others, based his theory of modern revolution. Moreover, it served as an important model for succeeding revolutions that changed the rest of the world. Most historians would consider the political ideals of the Enlightenment as the driving force behind the Revolution. Some, such as Burke, even went as far as including Rousseau and his philosophy. Rousseau’s book, The Social Contract, is considered the Bible of many leaders of the French Revolution (Russell, 1945). Russell also states that Robespierre’s reign is the fruit of Rousseau’s teaching. Moreover, he also holds Rousseau’s ideas partly responsible for the dictatorships of Russia and Germany. Specifically, he writes, â€Å"Hitler is an outcome of Rousseau.† Even if Rousseau’s ideas did bring about Robespierre’s reign of Terror, wherein thousands were executed for alleged crimes against the Revolution, and the dictatorships of Russia and Germany, he did advocate democracy. Our modern idea of democracy is what he calls elective aristocracy and this, for him, is the best form of government. However, he points out that this is not for all countries. His idea of democracy, no doubt, was the thread that connected him to the French Revolution. Eventually, the idea of democracy brought about the downfall of monarchy in France. According to Karl Marx, all the Revolution did was replace the feudal economic system of France with that of a capitalistic system, which reinforced the peasantry. It is at this point that one may

Nuclear Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nuclear - Assignment Example : One, it is more economical as it uses less fuel and produces more energy; two, nuclear energy lasts longer unlike fossil fuels which can be depleted; and three, well-maintained nuclear power plants do not emit substances that could harm the environment while coal and oil pollute the air when burned. (Nuclear Energy retrieved from library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy.html) Though nuclear energy has its advantages, its disadvantages far outweigh them. Let us take the case of the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant which, in 1986, had a meltdown (Nuclear Energy retrieved from library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy.html) meaning the fission reaction went out of control resulting to an explosion in the nuclear plant instantly killing 2 workers of the plant and contaminating hundreds or perhaps thousands more in its surroundings. Within a few months, 26 more died because of radiation contamination. It was found out later that the cause of the accident was a flaw in the design of the nuclear plant and an undertrained operator. In short, human error is to be blamed. As for the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster last March 11, 2011, it was not caused by human error but by natural calamities. The tsunami that followed the strong earthquake on that day damaged the generators and coolants resulting to a meltdown in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Though no deaths f rom contamination were reported, thousands were evacuated from their homes to escape radiation contamination. There was radiation leak into the sea and radiation contamination was noted in the land, the air and even the food of the people. Too much amount of radiation in the body, as we all know, causes sickness and even death to the one contaminated. Both the Chernobyl nuclear plant meltdown and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster showed mankind how disastrous and damaging the use of nuclear energy can be. With just a small error and the wrath of Mother Nature, lives are destroyed, structures and

Culturally Responsive Teaching in American Education Research Paper

Culturally Responsive Teaching in American Education - Research Paper Example Culturally responsive teaching is particularly important in the case of the USA. People from different backgrounds characterize the USA. Therefore, the students in a particular state experience a different culture from the student from a different state. The education in the different states is based on the culture of the region. The society in the USA is multi-racial with the intrusion of people from different countries. (Culture, n.d.). The presence of different races in society with their different backgrounds and culture has led to the importance of the culturally responsive teaching in the USA. The paper will deal with the importance of the culturally responsive teaching in the context of the USA. The modern world has been characterized by the globalization of the economy. The countries have come closer with the closeness in the economy and it is common nowadays to experience society as a multi-cultured one. People from a country moves to the other countries to integrate into the society. The people from the other countries bring some distinctive cultural traits with them, which become part of the society. The USA has become one of the most developed economies of the world. The development of the economy in the country attracted people across the world. They went to the USA to be part of the development and make them economically stable. The economy of USA offered an opportunity for all people in the world. The society of the USA has grown to become one of the most multicultural societies in the world with the influx of people from all over the world. The population of USA consists of people from different ethnic backgrounds. The Native Americans and the Alaskans are perhaps the oldest community in the country. Blacks are the descendants of the people from Africa. Many of the Blacks in the modern days came to the country in the days of slavery and the openness of the society and the economic development of the country convinced them to stay in the USA. The Black population in the country is projected to rise in the coming years.

The Importance Of Sustainability In Hotels

The Importance Of Sustainability In Hotels Human activities over the past centuries have affected the earths ecosystem. Today, the negative consequences of human actions can be noticed everywhere. Being one of the larger industries in the world, the hospitality industry is an important contributor to these problems. In this report, Ill be focusing on what impacts humans have on the eco-system. Defining what sustainability truly is. How hotels can benefit from practising sustainability and what they could do to be sustainable with references. Human Impacts on the Planet To understand the magnitude of human impacts on the environment, economies, cultures and society, we must first understand the contributions of the travel and tourism sectors. Travel and tourism is one of the largest industries in the world, which is responsible for creating jobs, increasing a countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP), generating revenue worldwide and many more. It comes with positive and negative effects. In 2008, there were 922 million international tourist arrivals with tourism receipts of US$944 billion [8]. It is estimated that the global travel and tourism industry contributed 9.6 per cent of global GDP and 7.9 per cent of worldwide employment in 2008 [9]. Tourism and travel is also a vector of climate change, accounting for approximately 5 per cent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Our human footprint on earth is disrupting the biogeochemical cycle that has remained unchanged for millions of years. Lavish cities built on deserts irresponsibly waste our limited water supply and fragment habitats. Hotels wasting huge amounts of energy, water and food after being built upon habitats that contain life necessary to the biogeochemical cycle such as photoautotrophs and other primary producers. Excessive amounts of food are both consumed and wasted beyond our human needs. Another consequence of human activity is the changing climate. Human activity has caused increases in the concentration of greenhouse gases, which have led to increases in air and ocean temperatures, and global sea levels. As our planets natural resources become depleted, man is urged to become more responsible in their usage of non-renewable resources and look for other renewable resources either in the form of energy, water or raw materials. What is Sustainability? UNWTOs definition of sustainability is: Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability [9]. In simple terms, sustainability means: things can keep going, can sustain themselves, can continue into the future and go on forever. From a human perspective, sustainability for our planet means that it can continue to do what it was designed to do; provide fresh air, clean water, produce food and have a high quality of life. Unsustainability means that it cannot and that is where we are at now. There are four basic principles to follow to achieve sustainability. These could be seen as the care instructions for our planet. Reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and heavy metals. Reduce our dependence on synthetic chemicals that persist in nature. Reduce our destruction of nature. Ensure we are not stopping people globally on meeting their needs. Demand for the earth services: air, water and food increases as the population increases and living standards rise. But the earths ability to provide these services is declining because of the way we are living. In our search for prosperity, growth and success, we are destroying the system that we as humans are completely dependent on, nature. We humans have become a threat to our own way of life. The earth is a system and everything is connected, society, environment and economy. To live sustainably, we need to follow the four care instructions and apply them to everything we do at home and at work. Sustainable operation in hospitality can be defined as a hospitality operation that manages its resources in such a way that social, economic and environmental benefits are maximised in order to meet the need of the present generation while protecting and enhancing opportunities for future generations [2]. Many hotels today have recognised the negative effects their business activities have had on the environment and have taken steps to minimise or prevent those impacts from happening. Today, the term green hotels describes hotels that achieve to be more environmentally friendly through the efficient use of energy, water, and materials while providing quality services [10]. Green hotels conserve and preserve by saving water, reducing energy use, and reducing solid waste. They have seen benefits such as reduced costs and liabilities, high return and low-risk investments, increased profits, and positive cash flows [10]. Identifying these benefits and incentives has allowed the popularity of green hotels to grow. Using the Orchard Garden Hotel, San Francisco, as an example, what is so different about this hotel? Why is it green? The answer truly is that its green from the inside out. The concrete of the basement, and all the walls and floors have recycled contents in them. The carpet backing is 100 per cent recycled. The drapes, the sheets, curtains and bed spreads in the hotel are washable. This is very important because they do not have to use chemicals to keep them clean. The wood that Orchard Garden uses throughout the hotel is actually Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified maple and all the guestroom furniture is made out of that material. The beautiful wood panelling that you could see in the restaurant, lobby and hallway is actually recycled particle board. Another unique feature of the hotel is the key card management control system. Simply by slotting the key in a switch right by the front door in the guestroom will enable all the light switches, air-conditioning and heating. Or chard Garden also encourages their staff to implement green business practices. These are the things that you can truly do and it shows that it does not necessary cost more money to go green. (For more information, refer to case study, page 18) Why Should Hotels Practise Sustainability? Hotels, resorts, motels, hostels and other forms of accommodation are the largest sector of the travel and tourism industry, and it has been shown that hotels have the greatest negative impact on the environment compared to other commercial establishments. Implementing good environmental practices in hotel operations, including using biological resources more sustainably, can result in positive business benefits as well as make an important contribution to biodiversity conservation. Key business benefits include: Appealing to engaged consumers Tourists are increasingly motivated by sustainability and contributions to biodiversity conservation, as well as healthier environments and products. Reducing costs Good biodiversity practices can actually lower a hotels operating costs, by reducing expenses for resource procurement, usage and disposal. Improving the quality of the destination Destinations rich in biodiversity are attractive places, appeal to quality customers, and offer scope for biodiversity-based recreational activities. Improving employee productivity and sense of responsibility to the environment Employees are often strongly motivated by actions to enhance biodiversity; such motivation helps to increase employee productivity and loyalty, and can reduce staff turnover. Securing a hotels license to operate Implementing good practices for biodiversity demonstrates that a hotel cares about the environment and runs a responsible business, and can lead to increased support from government, staff and local communities. Attracting investment from socially responsible investors Investors want to be sure that their funds are invested in businesses that have good environmental records. Energy and Water Consumption, and Waste Created in the Hospitality Industry Hotels are one of the largest consumers of energy, which provide guests with high levels of comfort, services, facilities and amenities. On average, Americas 47,000 hotels spend $2,196 per available room each year on energy. This represents about 6 per cent of all operating costs. Through a strategic approach to energy efficiency, a 10 per cent reduction in energy consumption would have the same financial effect as increasing the average daily room rate by $0.62 in limited-service hotels and by $1.35 in full-service hotels [2]. Hotels are aware of their costly consumption of non-renewable energy, huge generation of wastes and excessive use of water, and are taking measures to be greener. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, there are 47,000 hotels that spend $2,196 per available room each year on energy which represents about 6 per cent of all operating costs [2]. Utilities make up 20 per cent of the average US hotels operating costs a huge percentage with a major impact on the bottom line and the environment. Inefficient use of lights, heating and air conditioning is one of the major culprits in this waste of resources. Solid waste generated by hotels comes in many sizes and forms. Wastes from 25 hotels were examined. The statistics showed that from 1991-1993 the hotel waste consisted of 46% food waste, 25.3% paper, 11.7% cardboard, 6.7% plastics, 5.6% glass, and 4.5% metals [10]. This gives a clear indication of the various forms of waste that a small number of hotels can be produced in a city. It is estimated that by 2010, water use will increase to approximately 475 gallons per day for each room in high luxury facilities [10]. This will continue to put more stress on an already stressed environment. The use of water will always be a vital part of the guests experience. However, hotels must take the initiative to inform guests of the impacts their actions would have on the environment. Energy Conservation Hotels can have large, costly energy requirements, especially in areas for cooling, heating, lighting and others. There are various alternatives and ways to conserve energy such as: Solar Power The application of the suns rays can be used for natural lighting, heating and capturing electricity through solar panels. Wind Power Wind turbines capture the kinetic energy stored in the wind, which is then converted into electricity, very similar to those used in farms. Hydropower Hydropower is electrical energy that is generated by using the flow of water through a turbine with a generator. Geothermal Power Geothermal power is energy that is gained by heat stored beneath the surface of the earth. Pumps bringing heat from beneath our feet can be used to directly heat hotels and other buildings or used as a source of power that drives steam turbines to produce electricity. Hotels worldwide are recognising the benefits of energy conservation and are undertaking projects to tap onto these benefits, and doing their part to save the environment. Choices made when purchasing equipment can have a major impact on the hotels operating expenses and on the environment; therefore, it is important that efficiency be considered before purchasing energy intensive equipment. For example, the Solar Valley Micro-E Hotel, Dezhou City, eastern China, is the worlds largest solar-powered hotel. It has thousands of permanent solar panels and solar heat pipe collectors to harvest the energy from the sun, and stores enough energy to sustain 70 per cent of its needs. The Hyatt Regency International Hotel in New Zealand understood that guests often left appliances and heating and cooling systems on when they were out of their rooms. The hotel developed a project to link energy use with room occupancy. Now when a guest leaves the room, all energy appliances shut down, with the exception of refrigerators, alarm clocks, and other essential appliances. The project costs were $16,000, while the payback period was only 14 months, with savings of $14,000 annually [10]. About 40 per cent of the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louises electricity needs are met by wind and hydro electricity. Since 1999, they have been using green power derived from sources such as wind, hydro and biomass. They produce little or no greenhouse gas emissions and have minimal environmental impacts. The Sheraton Auckland Hotel and Towers realised that the daily washing of sheets, towels, flannels, tablecloths, and other linens accounted for 35% of the energy consumed in the laundry process, while drying consumed 65%. The hotel simply changed the temperature of the wash from 85 degrees Celsius to 65 degrees Celsius. This change saved $2,000 in energy costs in the first 3 months alone, and the linens came out just as clean. This project, in addition to reducing energy costs, reduced the use of washing chemicals and decreased pollution of the hotel wastewater. Also, allowing the hotel guests the option of having linens washed every other day rather than daily can significantly assist in energy and water conservation [10]. A hotel can have thousands of individual light bulbs and may use 30 per cent of its total electricity. Lighting is the second largest energy consumption system in a hotel and presents one of the best opportunities for energy savings by doing some simple upgrades. By making upgrades in guest rooms, common areas and behind-the-scenes areas, a hotel can see immediate, consistent savings with no impact on the overall guest experience. Ways to save electricity: Replacing traditional incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs can reduce maintenance and cut lighting costs. CFLs last many times longer and use five times lesser energy than a traditional light bulb. A compact fluorescent light used in place of an incandescent light that is left on continuously for 12 months, all 8,760 hours of the year, will pay for itself in less than one year [10]. Install motion sensors or key-activating systems in rooms. With such a system the room lights will always be off when unoccupied, without inconveniencing the guest. When upgrading lighting systems in common areas, consider installing new control systems to manage lighting in large areas. Computerised lighting controls will allow hotel operators to provide the ideal level of lighting based on the time of day, event or situation. This will prevent unnecessarily high lighting levels or unneeded lighting. Hotels should educate their staff to switch off lights and turn down heating or air-conditioning when rooms are unused. Simple actions like closing the drapes during the summer months can save the hotel money in air-conditioning costs. Install films on windows, which will lower heating and cooling loads. Window films can also reduce the glare in guestrooms. Use proper insulation and reflective roof coverings. This can save in heating and cooling costs. Purchase appliances, which are Energy Star certified wherever possible. In laundry areas, remove old washing machines and replace them with both energy and water conserving models. Use natural daylight in lobby, bar and restaurant for as much as possible. Consider installing skylights. Exterior lighting can be used as a design element and can have dramatic effects. However, consider adding timers, which would switch off the lights at times like 3am, when no one is around to impress. Install solar water heating systems for heated pools. Use covers to cover hot tubs and pools when the areas are closed, this will reduce evaporation. Exit signs, such as LED, when installed throughout a building can save hundreds or even thousands of dollars in energy and maintenance costs. Use an energy management system (EMS), which is designed to control the mechanical equipment in the hotel, thereby saving utilities such as gas and electricity. This system determines when air-conditioning or heating can be switched on/off or up/down. As soon as the guest enters the room, his room key card is inserted in a slot behind the door. Electricity for the light and the air-conditioner will now be activated. As soon as the guest leaves the room the utilities will be automatically switched off. The energy consumption of the hotel can be monitored by comparing reports generated by the energy management system and the front office. For example, if occupancy levels are not high the energy consumption should be lower and visa versa. In kitchens, use smaller convection ovens to replace oversized conventional ovens. If available, schedule an energy audit with the local energy provider or energy auditor. Water Conservation Water conservation is just as important as energy conservation. Fresh clean water is one of the most valuable commodity on earth. Using improved technologies hotels can deliver equal or better services to guests using less water. From a guests perspective, the use of water is a vital part of his or her experience. Any water restrictions would result in guests being unhappy and so maintaining adequate water comfort must be central to all water management strategies. Ways to save water: Start a linen reuse programme for towels and sheets in all guest rooms. Giving the option to guests to choose whether or not they want to reuse their towels and sheets, which can save huge amounts of water and reduce chemical wastage. Laundry washers, which use final rinse water for prewashing of the next load of laundry. Install low-flow showerheads and sink aerators. 2.5 gallons per minute (GPM) showerheads and 1.5 GPM aerators are recommended for water savings and guest satisfaction respectively. The latest generation of sink taps is equipped with infrared sensors that automatically turn off when a person walks away or when the allotted quantity per wash has been delivered. Install low-flow toilets or toilet-tank fill diverters. The THC Rotorua Hotel in New Zealand had urinals that flushed automatically every nine minutes. Each flush used 10 liters of water. This added up to 66 litres per hour, regardless of whether the urinals had been used or not. The total consumption for three urinals was 4,740 daily [2]. After realising the huge water cost, the hotel installed detectors that could sense when someone is using the urinals, and allow flushing to occur after being used. This greatly reduced the water usage from 66 litres per hour to 40 litres during the day and 20 litres in the night. For gardens, watering should take place either early in the morning or later in the day to reduce the possibility of evaporation in hot weather. Switch to drought resistant plants. Replace mowed landscaping with artificial ground cover or native ground cover. Pool covers will reduce evaporation and have the added advantage of reducing heat loss in cooler climates. To reduce water use, consider rainwater harvesting and/or a greywater system. Properties investing in fountains and water features should turn off appliances at night and consider the use of greywater. In kitchens, use a food-thawing machine instead of running water over foods for faster thawing. Water conservation urges hotels to use improved practices that will reduce and enhance the beneficial use of water, addressing the technical and human side of water management issues. For example, The Houston-based Green Hotels Association observed water use in the San Antonio-based La Quinta Inn. Through a one-month period, the hotel showed an average of 100 gallons of water being used per guest per billing period. The chain totaled more than a billion gallons in the first nine months in 1996. La Quinta Inn then installed low-flow showerheads and aerating faucets in each room, resulting in a saving of $1.50 per room per month. Replacing all toilets with ultra-flow toilets at a cost of $3,250 showed a payback in 2.1 years and annual water saving of 180,000 gallons per year [10]. Waste Reduction The hospitality industry creates tons and tons of waste each year due to its mass facilities, amenities and services provided to their guests. To give an indication of the size of waste created, The European Union produces 1.3 billion tons of waste each year. In other words, 3.5 tons of refuse and liquid or solid waste per European citizen, nearly a third of this food waste for which the food service industry has a responsibility. Another 40 45 million tons of this huge mountain of waste is classed as hazardous, or particularly dangerous [2]. In response to current trends, hotel owners and operators are analyzing ways to make changes in operations to cut waste disposal costs, protect the environment and increase guest loyalty. A few proactive hotel corporations have mandated hotel environmental programmes such as water and energy efficiency and more recently, waste reduction and recycling. Ways to reduce waste: To increase guest involvement, place recycling instructions in guest rooms and locate recycling collection containers in convenient locations in convention halls and public areas throughout the hotel. Always place a trash container along side of the recycling container in public areas to avoid trash being thrown in the recycling bin. Buy guest amenity and office products that contain recycled material. Provide amenities such as shower caps, shoe wipes on request. Shred office paper and use it to package shipments. Decrease the number of hard copies of documents by establishing a central filing system to store documents. Use recycled, unbleached and chlorine-free paper products, and try to minimise the amount of paper used by staff and guests. Print with soy-based inks, which are less harmful to the environment. Purchase vacuum cleaners with reusable bags versus disposables ones. Reduce the need for pesticide applications in guest rooms and employee work areas by removing food containers, garbage and recycling containers daily; clean employee break rooms daily to remove crumbs and spills; and report cracks around doors and windows to the engineering department for repairs to prevent crawling pests from entering. Re-dye stained bath towels and washcloths for reuse as pool towels and cleaning cloths. Re-dye linens and carpet to match remodeled decor. Re-dye tablecloths and napkins to match new color schemes when remodeling; reuse worn table linens as cleaning rags or remake into aprons, laundry bags, mattress covers. Provide reusable items such as cloth napkins, glass cups, ceramic dishes, etc. with all food and beverage services. Just by using glass or plastic coasters can reduce cocktail napkin waste, and by providing mugs for coffee instead of disposable cups can play a large part in conserving the environment. Purchase refrigerators, freezers, and coolers which are CFC-free. Donate leftover food to a local non-profit organisation. Consider using a compost bin. Purchase cleaning products with less hazardous constituents. Use a hazardous chemical containment pan to prevent leaching of unused chemicals. Donate leftover guest amenities, old furniture and appliances to charities. Refinish and reupholster damaged and dated furniture. Use dry, concentrated dishwasher chemicals in dispensers to reduce chemical spills and waste. Most guests are pleased to see the use of products made from recycled materials, energy efficient light bulbs, low-flow showerheads and recycling programmes in hotels and restaurants that they patronise. Hotel managers report that most guests are willing to participate in the hotels recycling efforts. No matter how well planned the hotels waste reduction and recycling initiatives may be, they probably wont succeed without the support of the hotel department managers and staff. Successful hotel recycling programmes require employee involvement, training and recognition. Involve all employees in the recycling programme. They are already disposing of waste as they perform their daily jobs. Recycling is simply disposing of job related waste in a different container from the one used for trash. Hotels should seek their ideas in organising the recycling programme and for methods of collecting and storing the materials. Employees are more likely to support a programme that they understand and have helped design. Case Study The Orchard Garden Hotel Location: 466 Bush Street, San Francisco, California 94108 Management Company: Portfolio Hotels Resorts, LLC Number of Guests Rooms: 86 rooms Awards and Certifications: San Francisco Green Business Green Seal Certified Silver LEED certified U.S. Green Building Council Best Organic Restaurant in San Francisco British Airways Tourism Located in the heart of San Francisco, the Orchard Garden Hotel is near the Financial District, Union Square, and the Chinatown gate. At 10 stories, the 56,000-square-foot building includes 86 guestrooms and a 56-seat restaurant and bar. The hotel opened in 2006, and in 2007, it became the third hotel in the U.S. and the fourth hotel in the world to earn LEED certification from the U.S. Green Building Council. Among the Orchard Gardens most innovative features is the key card. After allowing guests into their room, the card becomes a powerful energy-management system. Guests activate the rooms lighting and mechanical systems by inserting the card into a slot near the door. When they leave the room, they remove the card from the box, turning off all systems except for one outlet, which can be used to charge laptops or cell phones. The system, which cost about $37,000 to install, was anticipated to save nearly 20 per cent in energy costs, paying for itself in two years. Since the building is located in an urban centre, multiple public-transit lines stop within walking distance of the hotel. The hotel also features bicycle stalls for both employees and guests, and employees who cycle to work are welcome to use a guestroom shower. High levels of insulation reduce sound transmission between rooms while improving energy efficiency. More than 80 per cent of all regularly occupied spaces are day lit, reducing the need for electric lighting, and a roof terrace strengthens visitors sense of connection to the natural environment. The project team selected materials for their recycled content, regional origin, and low chemical emissions. Materials used in the project include concrete made with flyash in place of some of the cement, wood certified to Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standards, and low-emitting carpeting made with recycled content. During the construction process, the project team diverted 77 per cent of all waste, by weight, from the landfill. The entire hotel is designated tobacco-free. Housekeeping staff use green cleaning products, and all fabrics, selected for their low chemical emissions, are machine-washed to avoid the use of dry-cleaning chemicals. Bins in each room encourage guests to recycle, and the hotel uses recycled paper and soy-based inks for their printed materials. Thanks to these and other strategies, the hotel has been recognised by the San Francisco Green Business Programme and certified according to Green Seals standard for lodging properties. Conclusion For a hotel to change its traditional ways of operating and to accept sustainability will take time. Being sustainable is not costly and does not really have a slow payback rate. A hotel can start its journey in becoming green by implementing simple changes, policies and services such as providing your guests with bicycles, walking maps to encourage them to do something that is more environmentally friendly and healthy. Creating an incentive programme to encourage your staff to participate in and improve upon environmentally friendly practices. Replacing a simple incandescent light bulb with a CFL. Coming up with creative ways to reward hotel guests for being green. One great example is Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers offers a free meal to guests who generate 10 watt hours of electricity on the gym bicycle [12]. These are only a few examples of what hotels could do, while some steps may be small, none are insignificant. If we can follow the four basic principles (page 4) to achieve sustainability, we can work together to be sustainable. We will all have a better quality of life, we will waste less, we will pollute less and we will create more things we value in society while improving our planets chance of providing us with the very things we need to survive.

The Religious Amalgamation Dubbed The Matrix :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the history of motion pictures, stories have impacted society through various means, but up until recently, these influences were usually limited to hobbies and interests. With the emergence of a deep psychological thriller dubbed The Matrix, cinematic influence on religion has become quite evident. The Matrix combines allegories of religious figures such as Jesus Christ and Buddha with a quasi-enlightenment concept that appears in many of the mystical Eastern religions. This amalgamation of religious ideas creates an amazing foundation for what many members of religious communities—online communities stand out as the most prominent example—have come to refine their core religions into over the last few years. Many of these communities consider their new faiths to be simple denominations of their core beliefs, finding that their refined religion fits not only theologically but logically and scholarly with their paternal religion. I consid er myself one of these philosophical persons pushing provocatively within the religious community of Christianity towards the beliefs which I find so intriguing and bold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is unfair to religionize a movie which was meant to be totally secular, but the screenwriters of The Matrix openly profess the movie’s ties with religion. Purposely having imbued the screenplay with parallel upon parallel, the Wakowski Brothers have rendered the obvious and the obscure into an image of humanity’s perfection. At first glance, this idealization may seem to be a plethora of praise for a simple blockbuster science-fiction movie, but there is more in The Matrix than meets the eye. The Matrix was set forth not as an action-thriller for the simple pleasure of seeing bullet casings strike the ground after falling out of a hot sub-machine gun, but as a philosophical religious allegory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neo, although called â€Å"The Oneâ€Å" throughout most of the movie, is symbolic of not one, but three persons: Jesus Christ, Buddha, and Doubting Thomas, an Apostle of Christ. As Neo represents three distinctly different ideals—Christianity, Enlightenment, and Chaos, respectively—it is easy to see why many people were confused by the proposition. But, when I began to ponder the question of why they put the three together, it began to make sense. Humanity should, according to the allusions in The Matrix and in my own personal theologies, be a blend of the three ideals, forming a balanced life and thus a life pleasing to God.

East Asia Essay

China is considered one of the largest countries in term of land area. This fact causes China to be the most populated nation in the world with over 1. 29 billion of people. Chinese is know for its great civilization and in fact had led the world in the development and progress of the society and economy quite a short time. The Chinese people had also experienced afflictions and sufferings from foreign assaults and chaos within China for a century before the People’s Republic was founded. After the chaos, China had started the national reconstruction and made remarkable development in the first twenty years of economical and social reform. For decades, Chinese was dreaming of Modernization and eventually this dream will suddenly be materialized with the help of Deng Xiaoping who serve as the architect of China’s reform. A three-step strategy was established which includes the doubling of GDP of 1980, quadrupling the GDP by the end of 20th century and finally the realization of modernization for another 30 to 50 years. Since the implementation of the strategic plan, China got a rapid progress. From 1978 to 1998, the rate of economic growth of China averaged to 9. 7 %. Gradually, China has gained its power to become the next super power. In fact, during 2000, China’s GDP leveled up by 8 % which is amazingly exceeded $ 1 trillion US and became a record in the history. The first objective in the modernization plan was achieved in 1987. It was three years ahead of time. In 1995, the second objective was reached which is 5 years earlier. China really made a great leap in terms of economic status. The GDP of China in 1998 is 6. 38 times during 1980. China has continuously moving in the top. According to World Bank, China ranked 6 in with respect to economical level and the trend says that it is expected to be in the 4th place before 2006 ends. In addition to this, China’s annual steel output has increased 700 times in the period of 50 years only which places China in the top when it comes to steel production. China also leads the coal, cement, and cotton and television industry. China’s modernization and great leap have a great significance and contribution not only in China but also in the world. China’s progress is a great help in maintaining global stability. Imagine if China is poverty-stricken and disordered then it would likely to be a disaster to the world. A progressive nation just like China provides a largest market in the world. Also, Chinese people love peace and China has proven how they campaign for world peace. As a permanent member of the United Nations, China is always exhibit fairness, stands for rules and laws and strongly against aggression and dominion. If China became Super Power then it will be big help in promoting world peace and stability. China has reached this kind of development through hard works and discipline. Hopefully this must serve as a good example for other nations which are suffering from economic failure and instability. Once a poor country just like China bounces back and suddenly made it great leap in the world. It seemed that those countries in East Asia have become our leaders. Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China all belong to East Asia are very progressive countries. Just like China, they once experienced chaos but eventually recoiled from this fall and stood firmly to prove that they can rule the world. China, although experienced a defeat and failure in the past, did not stop to pursue their dream; to become economically and socially stable and progressive. With the correct attitude and perception in life, China has gradually reaching their goal. Yes, China is now on the road of becoming the Super Power and we all hope that this would bring prosperity to other nations in the world.

What Did I Learn about Cell and DNA?

A cell is both the smallest as well as the most important unit of every living being, plant or animal. There are specialized cells in the body which carry out different functions. However, all cells are the same in that they all have a plasma membrane to protect them and determine what enters the cell and what leaves the cell. Inside the plasma membrane is the cytoplasm, a gelatinous mixture made up of water, fats, proteins, sugar, and other minerals. Most of the cell’s metabolism occurs in the cytoplasm where what are called the organelles work together to perform the metabolism.The nucleus is in the center of the cell. It controls the cell’s operations, such as directing cell division and determining the function of the cell. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. The nucleus contains chromosomes, rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain genes, or regions of DNA. Within the cell is a reticulum, or network, of canals to manufacture proteins for the cell to use called the endoplasmic reticulum. Large proteins are made from smaller proteins, a process called anabolism which takes place on the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Also in the cytoplasm is the mitochondria, known as the power plants of the cell where foods are burned to release energy in the presence of oxygen. This organelle is where ATP is made.This chemical process is known as catabolism. Together with anabolism they are combined to make the process of metabolism. There are two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum, rough and smooth. The rough ER has thousands of ribosomes attached to it, and the smooth ER does not have any ribosomes because it does not make any protein. Another organelle is called a Golgi body. This is where the enzymes in a Golgi body work to make the proteins and lipids either assemble or break down the lipids or the carbohydrates.Proteins are transported in what is called a vesicle from the ER and are changed to their final form. From there they are either carried to the plasma membrane or the lysosomes. A lysosome is a vesicle that is in charge of digestion. They are filled with enzymes that easily break down many proteins, carbohydrates, and much debris. Cells are different in their functions and their shapes as well. However, all cells whether plant or animal, are the most important unit of every living thing. Every cell contains a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles which carry out the functions of that cell. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, a double membrane where the DNA is located. The organelles of a cell work together to  perform metabolism, the combination of anabolism and catabolism.

Instant Sorbet in a Baggie - Freezing Point Depression

Instant Sorbet in a Baggie - Freezing Point Depression Have you made instant ice cream in a baggie? You can take any ice cream recipe and quick-freeze it using freezing point depression by adding salt to some  ice with some water. The same process may be used to quick-freeze sorbet: Instant Sorbet Ingredients The quantities of ingredients arent critical. You can use any fruit juice or fruit drink for the sorbet. The mixture to freeze the sorbet is ice with about half as much salt and a bit of water. 1 cup fruit juice2 cups ice1 cup salt1 cup water Make Instant Sorbet Pour the juice into a plastic baggie that has a zipper. Close the bag.Add the ice, salt, and water to a much larger bag.Place the bag of juice inside the baggie containing the ice, salt, and water.Shake, shake, shake the bag until the sorbet is the consistency you want. Remove the inner bag, scoop out your frozen treat and enjoy! How It Works Salt or sodium chloride dissociates into sodium and chloride ions. These ions act as impurities in the water lower its freezing point. Energy is absorbed from the environment (the sorbet) as the ice changes phase into water, which cant release the energy by solidifying back into ice. Therefore the sorbet keeps getting colder as the ice melts.

Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Final Project - Essay Example It is clear that the risk factors associated with the Coca Cola Company are either external, or internal. External factors related to Coca Cola mostly depend on the decisions made by other beverage companies, but internal factors arise from the poor strategies, as well as actions, that Coca Cola company implements. Some of these factors include market rates, government regulations, credit, liquidity and cash flows (Adams, 2005). Market rate is the leading financial risk with regards to Coca Cola. The market changes depending on customer interests, demand, supply and new technology, as well. When these factors reduce, it becomes intricate for Coca Cola Company to acquire loans or credit. This might affect them financially. Government regulation is yet another vital financial risk for the Coca Cola Company. It is, however, an external risk. Governments frequently change existing tariffs, and this put new financial regulations in place. Some modifications are beneficial, but it might ta ke a while before companies adapt to the changes. In addition, this creates a financial risk to Coca Cola (Adams, 2005). Techniques that Coca Cola has incorporated to overcome these factors include improving technology, imposing techniques of attracting customers and increasing their supplies (Adams, 2005). The two-year pro-forma financial statement that this paper looked into suggests that the world is totally dollarized (Academic & Students Affairs, 2012). According to the statement, the world is turning into a free market economy with low inflation. The world is mainly anchored on the service industry, heavily weighted on commerce and tourism (Academic & Students Affairs, 2012). According to the pro-forma statement, the world today is founded mainly on a well-developed service sector, which accounts for roughly 80% of the worlds businesses. According to the statement, the output of products, in an

Philip's vs. Matsushita Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Philip's vs. Matsushita - Assignment Example remained poor and its global competitiveness are was still a question (Bartlett, 2006, p. 1). Philips case study highlights following important factors that contribute its poor performance over three decades. Unbalance and undefined power shearing between PDs and NOs. Lack of effective restructuring. Lack of well defined performance criterion. Fragmented organizational structure. Matsushita Matsushita is a key manufacturer over a verity of consumer appliances and products having world wide manufacturing facilities. Initially started as a modest home based manufacturing facility making double-ended electrical sockets, in 1918 by Konosuke Matsushita, a 23-year-old inspector at Osaka Electric Light Company, Matsushita has evolved as a versatile consumer appliances and products manufacturer with a wide retail and marketing network across the globe. It manufactures a broad line of 5,000 products including video and audio equipments, home appliance and house hold equipments, information, communication and industrial related equipments, power backup and electronics equipment (Exhibit 7, p. 20) (Bartlett, 2006, p. 20). Matsushita total sales has attained a figure of US $68.862 million with net income of US $ 941 million for fiscal 2000 (Exhibit 6, p.19) (Bartlett, 2006, p. 19). Since the announcement of Konosuke Matsushita 250-year corporate plan on May 5, 1932, Matsushita has been facing difficulties and struggling in capability building and re-establishing its competitiveness. Matsushita case study reveals following important reasons that contribute toward these difficulties (Bartlett, 2006, p.8-12). During 1933-50 period, Matsushita followed a centralized leveraged technology strategy. Also, central research... To have a strong operating control over their offshore production units, Matsushita had followed the centralized management policy before the 1980s. In the mid-1980s, Matsushita had over 700 expatriate Japanese managers and technicians on foreign assignment for four to eight years. Local managers were only made responsible for achieving the targets. In 1982, as Toshihiko Yamashita took over the charge as President of the company. He launched his â€Å"Operation Localization† ‘to boost offshore production from less than 10% of value-added to 25%, or half of overseas sales, by 1990. To support the target, he set out a program of four localizations-personnel, technology, material, and capital (Bartlett, 2006, pp. 11-12). Toshihiko Yamashita’s â€Å"Operation Localization† policy brought a reasonable change to Matsushita organization structure and it increased the number of local nationals in key positions. In the United States, for example, US. nationals became the presidents of three of the six local companies, while in Taiwan the majority of production divisions were replaced by Chinese managers. But unfortunately, these local staff did not have direct contact with the senior administrative body and they were not free in their decisions. They were directed and advised by senior Japanese advisors, who had a direct link with Matsushita’s parent management team. Toshihiko Yamashita policies also gave the offshore production subsidiaries to some extent to buy minor parts from local vendors as long as quality could be assured.

A Study of Human Recourse Management Strategy in organization ( UAE Assignment

A Study of Human Recourse Management Strategy in organization ( UAE Organizations only ) - Assignment Example of an organization consists of several activities, such as recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisal, leave policies and compensation distribution. The human resource management department of ADNOC always tries to develop effective and fruitful human resource management development programs for the management and employees in order to bring efficiency and improvement in each and every human resource management practices. According to the human resource management officials of ADNOC, training and development programs for the employees can be considered as an effective measure of an organization to foster the business growth rate of the organization. Decision making process can be considered as one of the important and effective aspect of the human resource management practices of an organization. The effectiveness of workplace environment, employee satisfaction and significant output of employee performance seriously depends upon the effectiveness of the human resource strategy development and implementation process. ADNOC has become successful for the effectiveness of human resource management practices. The management of the organization has developed and implemented centralize3d decision making process in the human resource management department in order to take entire control over each and every human resource management practice starting from recruitment, selection, training and development process to the performance evaluation and salary or compensation distribution process. This specific HRM decision making process has individual advantages as well as disadvantages. First of all, the management of the organization has re stricted the interferences of the external agencies in the internal human resource management aspects of an organization. On the other hand, it may affect the employee motivation and employee satisfaction aspect. According to the centralization structure, the management of ADNOC does not include important stakeholders in the

Cost Information for decision making Essay Example for Free

Cost Information for decision making Essay Two common costing systems used in business are traditionally cost accounting system (job costing, process costing and operating costing) and activity-based costing system (ABC). There are some similarities and differences between these systems. Regarding the similarities, both accumulate product costs throughout the production process and assign those costs to individual units of production. Additionally, product cost under two costing systems consists of direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. In terms of differences, they are different in the way how the overhead costs are allocated. For conventional costing, it assigns manufacturing overhead based on a single volume based cost driver such as direct labour hours. In contrast, ABC approaches cost from the perspective that products do not cause costs. It requires activities which are the causes of all costs incurred so it allocates manufacturing overhead according to the activities needed to produce the products. Therefore, it highlights the existence of non value added activity which is not existed under traditional method. ABC also differs from conventional costing in the use of several cost pools when allocating the overhead costs. For instance, traditional costing uses only one cost pool to distribute the overhead whereas there are many cost pools involved under ABC. Furthermore, ABC employs both volume-based and non-volume-based cost drivers while conventional costing utilizes only volume-based cost drivers. Another difference is that conventional approach complies with the GAAP so it can be used to satisfy conventional financial reporting requirements. On the other hand, accounting standard board does not accept ABC to prepare financial statements so it can be useful for internal management decision. Under conventional system, there are similarities between job costing, process costing and operating costing. Firstly, they accumulate product costs throughout the production process and assign those costs to products. Secondly, these costing systems calculate the product costs which comprise direct material, direct labour and manufacturing overhead. Lastly, the cost flows for three systems is from raw material to work in process to finished goods and then to costs of goods sold. These first two systems can be distinguished by the following differences. First, job costing system is used by the company which produces unique products or products based on customer orders. Conversely, process costing is for the firms which produce one or a few homogenous products and often have continuous mass production. Second, each individual product costs are traced easily under job costing while process costing makes no attempt to track individual product costs. Thirdly, under job costing, the transfer from one job to another does not take place whereas the production from one process is transferred to next one till the product is full completed under process costing. Next, process costing accumulates product costs in each production department throughout the period while job order costing accumulates product costs to specific units. Operating costing for company which has a mix production system that produces in large quantities but then is customized the finished product. Therefore, operating costing is a combination of process costing and job costing. However, it differs from job and process costing which includes more than two types of cost pools in overhead allocation process. The cost pools are designed to match the separate processes that may be allocated to batches of products. Comment about the quality of your work: According to the assessment criteria, my answer for the question should be marked 7. This is for the following reasons. Firstly, the answer is well-organized into five paragraphs which consist of differences between conventional costing and ABC costing. For instance, the first and second paragraphs demonstrate the similarities and differences between conventional costing and ABC. Apart from this, the answer also points out the similarities and differences between job costing, process costing and operating costing.

Management Of Change Within Mcdoanlds Restaurant Business Essay

Management Of Change Within Mcdoanlds Restaurant Business Essay McDonalds is the worlds largest fast food chain serving more than eight million customers daily. It starts its operation by giving franchise right, affiliated company and starting its own unit. Source of revenue generations are rent, royalties received from franchise or sales units operated by McDonalds. Main products of McDonalds are hamburger, chicken, cheese burger, break fast item, soft drinks and deserts. It is rapidly growing organization; it generated 9% more net income in 2007 than the year 2006. In order to sustain its sell in the market and make company more profitable McDonalds is focusing to bring some changes. It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. In order to remain in the market with full potential management of the organization and lower staff must be ready to bring the change because environment is dynamic and it is rapidly changing and businesses are going to be complex. It is necessary for the organizations to bring changes to operate and keep itself competitive in this dynamic environment.   Business world is continuously changing and new technologies and innovative products have been introduced on daily basis and most of the organizations are accepting theses change even they are not willing to accept. It is because of change benefits, changes bring improvement. When a person accept change and cope up with changes and equipped himself / herself then he/ she bec omes different from other. His worth exceeds than that of the person who does not keep himself / herself up to date. If any employee enhances his/ her skill with new technology, his/ her efficiency increase, can perform better than previous, increase the productivity of the organization.    Thats why it has been observed in the most of the organizations that they adopt changes quickly because they understand the worth of change. They try to equip their employees with modern technology as their performance gets improved. Change is very important for every organization. Companies and business adopt change and incorporate it in their organization for fulfilling the needs of suppliers and customers and to remain competitive in market. We can define change as implementation of new activity; the main purpose of that activity is to enhance the productivity by applying new policies and procedures. Change management process and change implementation has different strategies to change, so the change process is very complex and comprehensive. The most important approach in change implementation process is one which brings accomplishment. Changes in organization are essential at different activates such as modification in management system, change in operations, change in organization structure and change in other activities which management may consider important. Change in necessary when management is facing problem in current system or for getting better the performance of the organization the management may modify the current system or implement change in any activity. The factors that may bring change may be internal and external. Different activities and different new strategies can be introduced tat different level, and these changes and modifications may be restricted or unrestricted, common or general in nature. Internal factors for change may include the following: Change in structure of organization Increase in business needs Alteration in business plan Modification in goals of business External factors for change may include: Technology growth Changes in economic conditions that affect the profitability or value of money Requirement of electronic and technological services It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation.   For the effective implementations of the change and successful results of the change organization must focus on Individuals and their relationships and continuous improvement system is introduced in which change is carried on properly. In order to improve the organization and bring change successfully, McDonald should consider the issues wisely and come up with positive solution that may break hinders. At each stage organization should take action to overcome the resistance and implement change properly. NEED FOR CHANGE The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Different kinds and different types of communication media are used for marketing and advertising the products. The concentration shall be given on marketing, advertising and promotion in integrated marketing operation. The part of new marketing plans of the McDonald, integrated marketing operation shall be highlighted by this change and new modification. The basic idea of the integrated market operations is to implement change related to health, which spread the information about current development in health and the increasing ration of fatness amon g children and adults for creating target marketing. The objective of integrated market operation is to launch new products for children, and to reduce the effect of growing bad perception about McDonald among the individuals. The marketing approach which focuses on the peoples heath will provide information to parents and children about the new product of McDonald McKids, and about differences between new product and existing products. If the integrated marketing communication system is successfully implemented, then it would provide successful marketing, advertising and public relations operations for efficiently introducing the new products of McDonald to general community. The organization should form a team for bringing new activities that would handle the necessary issues for this change. The new dietary material information of new product has also uploaded on McDonald (Bahrain) website. This change will mainly concentrate on marketing and sale promotion. Nowadays, the menu of McDonald for children has facing the problem of criticism. The integrated marketing communication has been implemented by the McDonald for changing the perception of people about the kid menu of McDonald. Through integrated marketing communication, it will also be ensured that the mission and vision that the McDonald is utilizing has been highlighted in every advertisement or promotion or not. RESISTANCE TO CHANGE It is the well known fact that when any organization brings changes, it faces difficulties while implementing these changes. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse.   It is the priority of the organization that it should manage the change proper way and for this purpose open talks with employees are conducted in order to know the view of the employees because change will directly effect on the employees and if they do not accept it, organization would not achieve desired results. Now it is the responsibility of top authorities to find out ways that can bring org anization up as well as they must terrace out he ways through which that change will be implemented successfully. McDonald is striving to encounter the environmental changes by bringing changes in its promotional activities, by making changes it can respond the external and internal factor that are rapidly changing. Change will be made in promotional activities in which organization will boost its image in the mind of customer. Because of that change McDonald is facing some problems to implement the change that is resistance from employees side. Problems that have been encountered by employees are misperception and negative reaction by the customer and employees, culture is not supporting for these changes. Major problem is reaction by employees and customer regarding the implementation of this change. a few of the employees are in favour of changes, they want that integrated marketing communication should be implemented. Others are resisting implementing that change. They are opposing change because they fear that company is going in wrong direction. They think company what ever is expecting would not attain it but it would encounter more problems due to this change. It is also a problem that those who suggested the change to be implemented are not able to properly convey the outcome the organization would gain from that change. Though technology is rapidly developing in these days, information technology has grown more rapidly than any other technology. specifically in the information technology, if organization purchases computers and uses it for marketing purpose as McDonald is expecting to bring the changes but the issue is that, with the passage of time these computer would be outdated and company will have to replace them. It may cause severe losses for the company. This issue has been raised not only by employees but also by customer thats why they are opposing to bring changes. This has created big issue for the McDonalds because it would not be able to achieve desired results that it is expecting from that change. Company may lose the key employees those who basically operate that change because due to resistance many of the employees may quit the McDonald and McDonald may require a number of other employees who can operate and run this change. It is purely technical task and only IT literate person can handle it. Every organization faces barrier when it comes with innovative idea as McDonald is going to implement new change it also facing barriers and organizations success depends upon the change. Barriers may not be in shape of resistance but they may be resources that required bringing change. Stakeholder may resist because they may not rely the proper usage of that communication media, there may short fall of amount because its implementation requires finance. MANAGING THE RESISTANCE It is the responsibility of McDonalds that how wisely it deals these issues because these issues are not as bigger as they are perceived, for this purpose it must ensure the employees that the change is not going to hurt them rather it would be beneficial for the organization and if organization will move in right direction then ultimate benefit will be given to employees.   Major problem that is with this change in technology that McDonald is going to introduce is not long lasting because computer is rapidly changing, the growth ration in this sector is high. So stakeholder fear that if this change is brought then it would not be the permanent solution, organization may have to change in future. Thats why it should be considered wisely that technology should perform long lasting duration. Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. Necessary training must be provided to the employees who would directly interact with this change and handle all the activities that would occur after change. McDonalds should provide necessary things to carry on the functions that would be run by the employees. There are differences in cultures among the employees who are working in McDonalds. They would not synchronize the activities with the changes because of their differences in culture thats why it would be more difficult for the management of McDonalds to implement the change properly. Apart from that this is most difficult type of conflict; the reason for this conflict would not be change. While implementing the change McDonalds must ensure that who would be responsible to manage the change if any cultural difference is found it must be observed and they must terrace out subcultures to overcome this problem. They must identify that that would be empowered by this change. For solving these types of problems, the executives of McDonald should form a successful culture of the organization, and tough organization by the use of good control of the stakeholders in organization; they should also provide their needs and wants which they require for the motivation of stakeholders which benefit the stakeholders as well as company. For certifying or confirming the continued success in change implementation, some elements are part of human capital management strategy and plan. These elements include processes and procedures for work, design and structure of organization, management performance and program for providing compensation. Some of the customers of McDonald have also created problems in implementation of change in organization. The McDonald should introduce governance process for ensuring the equality among employees and controlling the people of different cultures. The managing and controlling of people in organization is very difficult and challenging task, if we give careful consideration, attention and focus, on it then it will increase loyalty of employees and hardworking which will benefit the organization and employees. If the management provide reasonable time, advance information, incremental peoples for doing job effectively and provide extra hands and minds then the employees work more than what is expected from them. The not availability of any support in achieving the success from processes is the main clash in execution of change. Change can be implemented in different phases; it can not be implemented just by any decision. The people which are involves in change process must go through their experiences for realizing the objectives of the modification. For success in implementing change and solve these types of clashes the management of McDonald should that the information regarding the change objectives and purposes has been properly distributed to all stakeholders and these all stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, staff should realize that they are m ain source and vital for these changes. The management must be able to identify and predict problems which may be faced by organization and those problems may hamper the employees and other stakeholders from supporting the change. RECOMMENDATIONS To shifting the behaviour and perception of the children about healthy fast food may be very complicated, so success of these changes is very doubtful. There Is also indications to be successful in change implementation because of good features of integrated marketing communication. McDonald should ensure that the new advertisement for the new image has been reached to every child in all countries where the products of the company are available, for this the company may use different types of media that disperse the information. These new advertisements for building image of McDonald should also reach to the parent because these are the parents who purchase the food for their children, and these advertisements should persuade the parents to encourage their children for eating healthy and dietary food. There are many ways for changing and innovation, the more concentration is given to research and development. Novelty can be achieved by less formal changes in the job by exchanging and merging professional experience or other approaches may also be used. Innovation can be defined as new ides, new goods, new activities, new services or practices initiated by organization which are useful in achieving the objective of the business. Innovation is much debated area in modern world, whether the innovation is based on new knowledge or expertise or based on needs of societies or communities and market requirements. The common factor in successful innovation is acknowledgement of demands rather than acknowledgement of technical problems. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem. There are many possibilities for the McDonalds that it would bring revolution in the food industry and will gain competitive advantage. Thought it is food producing company if it crates this promotional activity not only it would attract customer but also affects positively in the minds customers.   CONCLUSION It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation.   The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse.   Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem.