Rev. Arthur Dimmesdales Character in Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Character of Arthur Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is a story of characters that earn to live and deal with the effects of sin in different ways. Of these characters, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is the character visualized as the most weak and unnoble. Despite this portrayal Dimmesdale was a stronger character than given credit for. His unbelievable amount of control in his way of handling his burdens displays his great sense of strength and intellect. We first see Dimmesdale portrayed as a nervous and sensitive individual. Despite his outer appearance, inside Dimmesdale is a very stable, strong person. Chapter Three states that he showed, nervous sensibility and a vast power of self restraint. While this seems to give Dimmesdale great strength, it is also his largest flaw. His body refuses to do what his heart says is right. Dimmesdale instructs Hester to reveal the truth, but when she refuses he doesnt harbour the willpower to confes s himself. Therefore, his sin becomes even larger than hers, because while hers is an exposed sin. He continues to lie to himself and his followers by keeping his secret hidden, so his is a concealed sin. Here Hawthorne shows us just how strong Dimmesdale actually is, by allowing him to hide his sin and bear the weight of it, he creates an extremely interesting and enormously strong character. The scaffold is the place that Dimmesdale shows the amount of pain and self-loathing he is truly capable of concealing. He realizes that he is as much at fault for Hesters torment as any common villager, if not even more so. Seven years prior, Hester stood in this place and took the punishment for both of them while he quietly stood aside and led people to believe that he also condemned her. During those long seven years he made no move to diminish her load or his own. Now Dimmesdale has had all that he can bear and lets out a yell that draws the attention of fellow villagers. He curses himself for his silence and cowardice. On the scaffold in the chapter 23 the true sign of strength ids revealed.

How the Lack of Education During the Great Depression Affected Southern Society :: essays research papers fc

During the Great Depression receiving an education was becoming more and more difficult for s byherners. From not being able to commit the required supplies needed, to not being able to pay the tutions, many people found it nearly impossible to attend educate. The novel, To Kill A Mockingbird compose by Harper Lee shows how the lack of education in society during the Great Depression affected Southerners lives, not allowing them to change their futures for the better.The public school system changed drastically during the Great Depression. Society started to notice the changes during the years of 1930 and 1931, when conditions were at their worst. Many students did not have the right clothing, supplies, and textbooks because parents could not afford the costs. The price of school supplies ran from $1.00 for a pen to $3.85 for a pair of shoes (Editors of Time-Life 29). In To Kill A Mockingbird, Scouts teacher, Miss Caroline, asked one of her students where his lunch was. He then explained that he did not have a lunch because his parents could not afford it. He didnt forget his lunch, he didnt have any. He had none straightaway nor would he have any tomorrow or the next day. He had probably never seen three quarters together at the same m in his life (Lee 20). In addition, students schoolwork and progress began to decline due to undernourishment. Many children were not able to stay in school because there was not enough money to keep the schools open. A third of a million children were out of school during the Great Depression (Farrell 14). Also, children of poor families dropped out of school because they felt obligated to help support their family financially. In To Kill A Mockingbird Scout describes the Ewell family, who only attends school the get-go day of both year because their family is poorThey come the first day every year and then leave. The truant lady getsem here cause she threatens em with the sheriff, however shes give up tryin to hold em . She reckons shes carried out the law just getting their names on the roll and runnin em here the first day. Youre supposed to mark em absent the rest of the year (Lee 27).In cases the likes of these, the purpose for leaving school was to help out the family with chores like tending to the farm and crops.

A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay -- Streetcar Desi

A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee WilliamsMITCH Lies, lies, inside and out, all lies. Referring to the twocritical opinions, explore the extent to which the relationshipbetween Mitch and Blanche is based on deception and self deception.Throughout Williams play an unexpected relationship is developingbefore us. This is the one formed between Mitch and Blanche. Two very contrary characters who would calculate to have nothing in common butwhen they dig deeper into each others personalities they find thathave shared many past experiences and this gives them a basis fortheir relationship. However, afterwards realising that Blanche is not thesame person that she appears to be, Mitch begins to doubt anythingthat she has told him in the past. Can the audience blame him, as theyknow that she has even lied to her own sister. What makes herrelationship with Mitch different to that she has with any otherperson? What makes him so special that she does not feel the need tolie to him? Mitch p roposes to Blanche that everything that she hastold him is a lie. That the person that he knows her as is makebelieve. Lies, lies, inside and out, all lies (Scene 9), is thephrase used by Mitch to convey his feelings to Blanche. He is right.Blanche had based all her relationships on lies since she had arrivedin Stella and Stanleys house. She felt that it was the only way thatshe would be judge by her sister and brother in law. She was neverexpecting to meet such a man as Mitch, but once he did appear she hadto fall out the deceit with him, to make sure that she did notincriminate herself, as she had already spun so many stories forStella and Stanley.Mitch is a very weak character. He stays at home... ...and she isnot as hard faced as she has seemed throughout the play. All shewanted was to have something to replace what disappeared when she lostAllan. There had obviously been something missing since he died, andthat is what Blanche had been searching for, sadly everywhere shelook ed she only found herself in trouble. Cardullo sees her actions atthe Flamingo, not necessarily as prostituting herself, she may nothave thought of herself as a prostitute as most people would defineit. She was on her mission to find that lost thing, they got wised upafter two or 3 dates with her, but maybe that was because theydid not have the thing that she wanted, and she was just as much forthem leaving as they were. Mitch was different however, she wanted himand did not want to dope off him. That is why she had to deceive him tomake sure that he did not leave.

Presidential Election :: essays research papers

In 2004, the choice has been the biggest news of the year. In 2000, the presidential alternative was marred by turmoil and malicious gossip over the Florida punch card right to ballots and alleged racial discrimination acts against minorities at the polls. The expression, Poll U.S. Voters Skeptical of Elections revisits the horror of the 2000 election and examines the current position of voters, Republicans, and Democrats on the accuracy of our (the U.S.) voting methods. The article separates that six verboten of every ten Republicans and persons surveyed believed that no clear winner will be determined by November 3, 2004 and seven out of every ten Democrats feel the same. In addition, one-half of the voters feared the results would be challenged in the Supreme Court. Both political parties, Democrats and Republicans, convey filed lawsuits over a variety of complaints--ranging from how probationary ballots are counted to alleged fraud in voter registration. The article st ates that a majority imagine that they are confident the vote count in their protest state will be accurate, but when Democrats, as a group are asked less than one-half of them say that they are very confident their states vote count will be accurate, while three-fourths of Republicans feel that their states vote count will be accurate. The article says that during the closing days of the campaign, close tabs are being kept on Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and New Mexico, which are all dominance battleground states where a challenge to a close race might be lodged November 3, 2004. When reviewing the 2000 election and the Florida catastrophe more than one-half, 54 percent to be exact, estimate that the vote count was un uncontaminating and inaccurate. The Democrats overwhelmingly say that the vote count was unfair and inaccurate while Republicans overwhelmingly say that the vote count was fair and accurate. Independents say by a 2-to-1 brink that it was not fair. The conc lusion drawn by the article is that political and legal challenges far outweigh any another(prenominal) worries intended to disrupt the elections. For millions of Americans every vote no longer counts.In political debates and elections the application of schemas, mental structures people use to organize their knowledge to the highest degree the social world around themes or subjects and that influence the information people notice, think about, and remember, are very important in getting support, votes, and earning the trust of millions of Americans in Democracy and our processes.Presidential Election essays research papers In 2004, the election has been the biggest news of the year. In 2000, the presidential election was marred by turmoil and scandal over the Florida punch card votes and alleged racial discrimination acts against minorities at the polls. The article, Poll U.S. Voters Skeptical of Elections revisits the horror of the 2000 election and examines the current posit ion of voters, Republicans, and Democrats on the accuracy of our (the U.S.) voting methods. The article states that six out of every ten Republicans and persons surveyed believed that no clear winner will be determined by November 3, 2004 and seven out of every ten Democrats feel the same. In addition, one-half of the voters feared the results would be challenged in the Supreme Court. Both political parties, Democrats and Republicans, have filed lawsuits over a variety of complaints--ranging from how provisional ballots are counted to alleged fraud in voter registration. The article states that a majority say that they are confident the vote count in their own state will be accurate, but when Democrats, as a group are asked less than one-half of them say that they are very confident their states vote count will be accurate, while three-fourths of Republicans feel that their states vote count will be accurate. The article says that during the closing days of the campaign, close tabs are being kept on Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and New Mexico, which are all potential battleground states where a challenge to a close race might be lodged November 3, 2004. When reviewing the 2000 election and the Florida catastrophe more than one-half, 54 percent to be exact, thought that the vote count was unfair and inaccurate. The Democrats overwhelmingly say that the vote count was unfair and inaccurate while Republicans overwhelmingly say that the vote count was fair and accurate. Independents say by a 2-to-1 margin that it was not fair. The conclusion drawn by the article is that political and legal challenges far outweigh any other worries intended to disrupt the elections. For millions of Americans every vote no longer counts.In political debates and elections the application of schemas, mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects and that influence the information people notice, think about, and remember , are very important in getting support, votes, and earning the trust of millions of Americans in Democracy and our processes.

Symbols, Symbolism and Irony in Thomas Manns Death in Venice Essay

Symbols, Symbolism and Irony in Thomas Manns Death in Venice In the novel Death in Venice, by Thomas Mann, an observer attentiveness the main character Gustave von Aschenbach by saying, You see, Aschenbach has always lived like this -here the speaker closed the fingers of his left hand to a fist-never like this -and he let his hand bent grass relaxed from the back of his chair (p. 1069). This is a perfect description of Aschenbach, a man set in convention, driven to succeed from an early age, quite dull really. subsequently all, his favorite motto was hold fast (p. 1070). He has always kept his feelings in check, and never allowed himself to lose control of any aspect of his life. As the humbug progresses, however, the fist that is Aschenbach slowly opens up until it finally releases all the pent-up emotion and desire. Wrought with symbolism and irony, Death in Venice tells a tragic tale of undisciplined lust, misspent youth, and the undoing of a man, once so firmly in contr ol his life, as he ultimately surrenders to a passion that overcomes him. Gustave von Aschenbach is a re this instantned and palmy writer, yet he is losing any passion he might have once had for his craft. He has always been driven to achieve, and thus has spent no period in the pursuit of happiness or even simple pleasures. His life is entirely predictable. Too busy with the tasks imposed upon him by his own ego and the European soul, too laden with the care and duty to create, too preoccupied to be an amateur of the gay outer world, he had been content to know as often of the worlds surface as he could without leaving his own sphere-had, indeed, never been tempted to leave Europe (p. 1067). But he becomes tired of his day-to-day existence, growing di... ...t in Othello, If it were now to die, Twere now to be most happy.i2 Never again would Aschenbach experience such a moment of utter bliss and perfection following this instant on that point was nothing left to live for. Not es 1 Mythology summaries taken from www.greekmythology.com 2 Othello, Act 2, Scene 1, lines 189-190 www.geocities.com/spanoudi/quote-19c.html Works CitedDeath in Venice, Thomas Mann, Michael Henry Heim (Translator) Publisher harpist Perennial (May 31, 2005) Othello, Act 2, Scene 1, lines 189-190 www.geocities.com/spanoudi/quote-19c.html Greek Mythology For Dummies www.greekmythology.com

Architecture History Pyramid Paper -- Architecture Essays

Architecture History Pyramid PaperPyramids endure been around for centuries, and for over 43 centuries some gains have been one of the tallest land structures made by man. Throughout the many decades, pyramids have been remade using modern materials and new technologies, but it remains a myth as to how the Egyptians were able to mold such a huge land mass with their lack of technology. One of the most renowned pyramids to this day are the Pyramids of Giza. The most famous of all three pyramids of Giza, is the Great pyramid of Khufu as known as Cheops. Khufu was built by the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty around 2560 BC to be his burying tomb. Khufus son Khafre, who was next in the royal line, commissioned the mental synthesis of his own pyramid complex which includes the sphinxes. Menkarure, who is believed to be Khafres son, built the third and smallest of the three pyramids at Giza. Giza however, is much than just three pyramids and the Sphinx. Each pyr amid has mortuary temple and a valley temple linked by long causeways that were roofed and walled. The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20 year period. They first prepared the site, and somehow transported the blocks of stone into there correct placements. In the process of building the pyramids an outer casing was placed over the surface, which was used to smooth the surface, but disappeared over the years. Several theories suggest that ramps were constructed from the sands and the blocks were pushed or pulled into place. Others say that the blocks were placed using long lever with a short angled foot. The Great pyramid was 145.75 m (481 ft) high, which is located in Cairo, Egypt. Over the years, it lost 10m (30 ft) off its top. The ... ... since 1972. This building has so many windows that in order to wash them all, it takes at least a month. The wings which start at the 29th floor are necessary nestle the top of the pyramid to support elevators on t he east side and a stairwell and smoke tower on the west side. And being that San Francisco is prone to earthquakes, the foundation consists of a steel and concrete block that sits 52 feet underground and is designed to move during earthquakes. The companies responsible for the building and designing of the Transamerica building are William L. Pereira & Associates, and other firms which also shared input, were Lowe Enterprises, Dinwiddie Construction Co., Chin & Hensolt Inc., Simonson & Simonson, Glumac International, Western Waterproofing Company of America, and Cushman & Wakefield. The total cost for the Transamerica building is around 32,000,000.

“My Personal Tutor” : A Software For Children

Choosing educational software for children is certainly not an easy task. Because so many other(prenominal) options are available, it is easy to be overwhelmed by all the vividly colored packages, the intriguing characters, and fantastic claims of pedantic enhancements. How in the domain of a function does one actually use up? Fortunately, all is not lost. A software package is available, which truly encompasses those qualities, and does so without assaulting the purchasers pocketbook. My Personal Tutor by Microsoft, is a budget sensitive, educational enhancement package for children, with exciting graphics and an incredible academic framework.For this reason, a recent review of this program stated that Microsoft has made a great region to childrens teaching (Dr. Toy). In fact, My Personal Tutor is the best choice of childrens educational software. The activities in My Personal Tutor facilitate learning in vital academic disciplines. Because of the technological advancement of our society, todays scholars require more strength in critical thinking, reading, and math skills than ever before. This three CD unbending is dedicated to enhancing skills in those areas.For example, in Turrus Sea Quest, the student further develops thinking skills in devote to advance through the game format. By solving unfinished sentences, analyzing and completing number or shape patterns, challenging memory with matching, and matching analog compared to digital time, the child assists Captain Scratch in setting free the endangered sea creatures. In another CD, Sams Hide & Seek, the child strengthens reading skills in a virtual museum, with sextet separate rooms where the child plays interactive word games or reads stories in order to help Sam find his friends.However, the word games are not simple-minded mindless entertainment. For instance, by solving incomplete sentences a story emerges. During this process, an amusing, vividly colored picture is painted depicting the story the child is creating. In another challenging exercise, the student reads stories and answers questions relating to the story content in order to gain points, thereby fostering comprehension. Finally, in a third CD, the childs world becomes an incredible space station where the goal is to help a new friend, Spy, capture disaffect stowaways.In Spys Space Station, traditional math of the past is transformed into exciting activities, which virtually hold the child hostage with interest. To illustrate, in the Astro Disco, one of the six areas in the space station, the dancers are victims to zero gravity. The students job is to fit the helpless dancers with the proper number of gravity boots, so they may come down from the ceiling. Once the task is complete, the appreciative dancers scoop out the floor, performing an exciting dance for their rescuer.In a different area, the student may choose to solve currency equations in order to purchase tog for the undercover alien police. W hats more, in yet another area, the child recycles space junk by sorting according to greater than, equal to, or less than, in order to make tools needed for the station. Although the academic tutorials within this set are comprehensive and truly without compare, the overall success of this set lies in its ability to captivate and sustain the students attention. finished well-designed game objectives, My Personal Tutor generates long term interest.All the activities are designed as a means to an end, regardless of whether that end is setting free endangered sea creatures, finding hidden friends in a museum, or catching alien stowaways on a space station. The goals are met methodically, through a sense of teamwork with the lively characters in their respective worlds. The interactive characters are encouraging throughout the challenge, support the player, and encouraging him or her to continue. After the player has met a goal, an exciting celebration takes place. Even more, if the c hild has permission, he or she can print a chromatic picture as a memento of the success.Irrespective of the shower of accolades by children, parents too have many reasons for excitement about this set. Parents can feel overconfident that the purchase of this set is a cost-effective enhancement to the childs education, as well as an excellent source of reinforcement for vital neighborly skills. The price of $14. 95, after the rebate, is trivial in comparison to all that is included in this set. In fact, with more than 1000 multimedia tutorials, over 70 learning objectives, adjustable levels of difficulty, and ongoing progress reports (Microsoft Kids), justifying a price of even five times that amount would be easy.However, educational enhancement is not the only timbre this set encompasses. Many implicit lessons are delicately woven into the activities. Specifically, setting and methodically working toward a goal. In fact, every activity within this set is goal oriented. In addi tion, the ideal of working together is effectively designed within all the game formats. In other words, this set truly encompasses the skilful range of essential skills necessary for success in the first and second grade levels. Therefore, My Personal Tutor surpasses the parents expectations for an educational enhancement program.A common goal among parents is that their child be healthy, happy, and ultimately reach his or her maximum potential. It is believed that a sound education will help open doors in order for that dream to become a reality. To that end, parents often devote much time and effort to improving the quality of their childs education. Therefore, it is understandable for a parent to have high expectations of an educational enhancement program purchased for their child. My Personal Tutor fulfills even the highest of such expectations.My Personal Tutor provides an incredibly comprehensive academic framework, consisting of strengthening exercises in critical thinking , reading, and math skills. These tutorials are skillfully designed in such a manner as to reframe the concept of such disciplines. Through the activities in this set, exercises in math, reading, and critical thinking are transformed from drudgery into a mission filled with fun and excitement, where the child works with others in order to meet a goal. What more could a parent ask for? For this reason, My Personal Tutor by Microsoft is the best choice of childrens educational enhancement software.

Managing Individual Performance

Its crucial for the bus to make flop decisions about the members of his team. The organization can be truly successful al one in the case of well-balanced personnel, and its the managers responsibility to employ the right nation for the dumbfounds. Even when whole the technical resources in the companionship be at the highest level, the skills of employees appear to be the almost all important(p) key to the organizations success. Its a well-known fact that e really(prenominal)(prenominal)one wants to feel that they atomic number 18 on a victorious team, that the company is moving ahead, and that they are an integral part of the group. (3)Therefore, its necessary for the manager to take employment of personnel very seriously. First of all, the manager implys to make convinced(predicate) he knows all the major objectives which the company sets in front of itself. Without the deep understanding of the organizations goals, its impossible to employ mass to achieve those goals. As soon as the goals are determined, its necessary for the manager to do his scoop out to look people whose education, general background, and personality pass on fit the best into the casts available. There is no general criterion for choosing the members of the team because the decision of the manager depends on the goals which he sets for his team.The manager has to analyze the visiblenesss of the potential employees very carefully in severalize to get a full idea about them. The major criterion is ensuring that every employee in the team pull up stakes ca-ca a position which answers both his expectations and expectations of the company. The goals of the organization will be achieved only in the case when the manager makes right decisions about the choice of employees and the responsibilities which each of them can fulfill the best. However, the task gets more complicated because building the winning team requires more than just hiring a ball of talented people.It means hiring people who will work well together. It means developing a shared vision and commitment. It means physically bringing people together in formal group meetings for open discussion of broad-based issues. It means encouraging positive, informal actions between group members. It means instilling a winning attitude throughout the organization. It means watching for and quickly trying to reverse team-building problems such as jealousy, cynicism, and defensive behavior. (3)In the simulation I chose the following employees into the team Tony Wu for the position of building case files Lisa Stafford to moderate self-help groups, Nicola Minelli for performing follow-ups, and finally Daniel Nichols to supervise confrontation sessions. Out of all the employees whom I selected Daniel Nichols has the most experience, he also has an MBA which puts him one gradation ahead of everybody else who only lose bachelors degrees.That is why he gets a very complicated task of supervising conf rontation sessions. In assure to keep Daniel Nichols impeld, he needs to have an important position, so I chose one for him with the most responsibility. Tony Wu is a good professional, and he cannot fulfill the functions on a very important position just yet because he has never worked as a manager. He is not very ambitious as the profile shows, so he is much bust on the position when he has to exercise duties like building case files. Tony Wu has a very important cause of character- accuracy, and this feature is very useful in the position which I have offered to him. For Tony Wu, its better to work with documents and build case files because when he has to make important decisions, he might fail them due to his mild character.Lisa Stafford necessarily has to be on my team due to her success-orientation. She is not the type of employee who will sit in the shadow of somebody else during her whole life. She wants to fight for success, and she is very ambitious. Her future is pre -destined by her character, and she will be in the managers chair shortly. For the moment, she doesnt have enough experience to be a manager or supervisor, so the best suitable position for her is moderating self-help groups.However, I as a manager realize that its very important to motivate Liza in every possible counseling because she expects to have the most important chores, and wants to show herself from the best possible side. Out of the last 3 potential employees I have chosen Nichola Minelli. She had almost equal chances with other 2 candidates but I prefer her to them for a couple of reasons. The position which remains vacant is performing follow-ups. I had 3 alternatives for the position Nicola Minelli, John Connor, and Michelle Levy.The negative side of Michelle Levy is that she is a pessimist. This grapheme is absolutely inapplicable for the team which we are forming, considering the goals of our organization. John Connor is a very experienced worker but I prefer to i nclude younger members in the team who have a high potential. They have a much better capital punishment due to their expectations of future promotion. Nicola Minelli possesses a very important bore which makes her a perfect candidate for the position is that she has good analytical skills.In order to manage the created team effectively, I had to consider many factors. First of all, the ways to motivate every one in the team. Every employee has his own interests and needs, and in order to choose the right strategy of motivation, I compulsory to study their profiles carefully. Whenever I snarl that one member of the team was growing uninterested towards the functions which he was fulfilling, I had to apply different forms of motivation for him. I also needed to check all the time what new responsibilities I can give to the members of the team if I saw they were ready for that.I as well had to consider the way the members of the team interact with each other because a team works s uccessfully only in case when the communication among members is on the highest level. An individuals personality plays a crucial role in the success of my team as I have discovered. Every person in the team is a part of it. The arrangement can work efficiently only in the case when every part of it works efficiently. If I employ a person for some position whose personality doesnt answer the responsibilities which he will have to bear, he will not be able to fulfill his duties at the required level.If one of the members stops performing at his required level, it immediately has a deep effect on the work of the whole system because every member is interdependent on each other. Another influence on the members personality is communication with other members of the team. Individuals employed in one team need to be as compatible as possible by their characters in order to bring success to the organization.The 126 item Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Form G, provides information o n four sets of orientation courses. These preferences result in 16 learning styles, or types. A type is the combination of the four preferences. (8) E (extroversion) versus I (introversion) tells about how people change their batteries. Extroverts find all of the support in the outside world, as well as see the outside world as the reason of their failures, if they occur. such(prenominal) employees are better on important positions because they are very action-oriented.Introverts are more c at a timerned about their inner world of ideas, so they are better at exercising tasks given to them by other people. N (intuition) versus S (sensing) tells about a persons preference in relying on and devising decisions. Some people prefer to rely on their intuition, others on sensing. For my team, I chose 2 members who have intuition preference (men) and 2 members who have sensing preference (women). This creates a good balance. T (thinking) versus F (feeling) tells whether a person trusts to his mind more, or to his feelings. People who prefer feeling make decisions according to what their heart says to them.Others are guided by their rational mind. I have also used the same proportion of team members with this preference because this proportion can help employees have right decisions. P (perception) versus J (judgement) describes the way people act in their lives. Perceptive people make spontaneous decisions, and can do things at once when they think of them. Judging people weight their actions first, and provide the analysis of the situation. Perceptive people are more preferable for positions in teams because they make decisions very quickly.Maslows hierarchy of needs can be described as the following1) Physiological hunger, thirst, bodily comforts, etc.2) Safety/security out of danger3) Belonginess and distinguish affiliate with others, be veritable and4) Esteem to achieve, be competent, gain approval and recognition. (7)The hierarchy of needs effects motivation in such a way that every employee has his needs. One employee only needs his 2 basic needs to be satisfied (psychological and safety). Others will not be satisfied unless they are accepted by others and gain recognition. In order to motivate every employee, you need to know about his needs.You as a manger need to focus on his need satisfaction as the key to motivating him. Its important to select such team members whose needs are relatively high because they will perform at a very high level in order to achieve the goals which they set for themselves. In the team which I selected, Lisa Stafford and Daniel Nichols are the most competitive, and their needs are definitely on the highest level- of esteem.In order to motivate them, I have to give them the most challenging tasks which will let them show how novel they are and be recognized by everybody. Tony Wu and Nicola Minelli dont have such high ambitions, and their needs stop at the level of belonginess and love. In order to motivat e them, I dont need to give them high responsibilities for them to be recognized by management. They need to have tasks which from their point of view will bring use to the society and the company.My team selections worked perfectly, exactly like I expected. At the end, I got 100% of performance which is the highest result. I chose all the members of the team in the most efficient way, and placed them on the right positions, and motivated their activity during years in such a way that they performed at their maximum of abilities. The factors which I selected for motivating my team includereminding them about the importance of the mission for which they are working. Whenever employees felt pessimistic about their work (for example Tony Wu and Nicola Minelli), I made sure he realized how important his work was for the society.giving them an opportunity to show their skills. It was important for Daniel Nichols and Lisa Stafford to show their intellect through difficult assignments they had.giving high responsibilities to the team members who are very ambitious. I needed to motivate Daniel Nichols and Lisa Stafford to keep high interest in the work they were doing.giving recognition to the members who are performing the best. Every member of the team needed recognition for the important work he was doing.promising possibilities of promotion to members who work the hardest. Lisa Stafford and Daniel Nichols need to be promoted soon in order to keep the level of their performance as high, so I needed to talk about future opportunities with them.Since I chose the best possible team during the first run of the simulation and got 100% performance at the end, all of my later runs of the program didnt make the result better because my first choice was completely accurate. This lesson learned in the workplace is very useful because it helps us to develop our skills as future managers. When managing real teams at companies, well be able to apply everything learned in pract ice and achieve every bit high results which will lead to the success in the organization.Bibliography. Franken, R. (2001). Human motivation (5th ed.).. Pacific Grove, CA Brooks/Cole. Managing People Motivation Building the Winning police squad // www.businesstown.com Maslow, A. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396. Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York Harper Nohria, N., Lawrence, P., & Wilson, E. (2001). Driven How human nature shapes our choices. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. William G. Huitt. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. February 2004. www.gsu.edu

College Life

I said. WOW. Then I went next to my Chemistry Class. College life-time is a life of freedom. I remember my first day at college. I had looked forward to this day from my school days. Life at college meant for me a fresh life. When I entered my college for the first day, I looked around with a mixed feeling of perplexity and joy. I was puzzled as I was not habituated to the college-ways of things. The students in batches were base up and down the corridors for their classes. The professors were coming smilingly and exchanging greetings with the students in a friendly manner. The first item on the routine was a lecture on knock off and Trigonometry.I joined my class in room GV208. I arrived earlier than my Professor. I sat beside a white clapperclaw with blue shirt, next to him was another guy with fair complexity. With too much confidence, I introduced myself and asked their names. Bon Axl and Keil Cerbito. I remembered the girl whos sitting next to me, shes just using her cell ph one that time. AS IF SHE WAS TEXTING HAHA ?. I know that shes shy. Afraid to socialize. It was Ms. Josephine Macasiebs Math class. The professor came with the attendance register. After finishing roll-call, she gave us our assignments. What impressed me most was the way she smiles.She conscious us to take the maximum advantage of college-life. Consulting my days routine I found that the next was my break. This gave me a chance to make a check round the college premises. I noted with a sense of relief that I would no longer be confined to the same room for hours together as I used to be in high school. I went to the Canteen with my newly met friend. It was a big room with plenty of noise. The senior students were there, talking, gossiping or discussing things. Then I saw my seatmate whos texting with my other classmate and Jennifer Pulongbarit was her name. Pulong for short and Krina Doria, a valedictorian.

Nicol Ann David

Nicol David is presently one of Malaysias hottest sports properties. While most Malaysians will have to prevail a really good touch sensation earlier becoming a professional sports person, Nicol shows them how she did it, and why they should do it too.Nicol Ann David was born on 26 August 1983 in Penang. She is a daughter to Desmond David, an engineer and Ann Marie David, a teacher. Her first encounter with squash began at a tender age of 5, and at the age of 8 she started to take squash seriously with regular breeding and involved in competitive games. She received her primary education at SM Convent, Penang.Her squash career began in 1992 when she won gold in the Under-14 folk of the Penang State Junior Championship. Her first national level victory was also in 1992 at the Milo-Dunlop Sport National Junior Interstate Championship, where she won silver in the Under-16 category. After that she always gets won the tournament that she participates.Nicol began dominating the squas h scene by winning the Asian championship as well as becoming the youngest player to become the worlds woman junior champion. By the time she reached 16 where most people at that age was honeymooning before sitting down for SPM a year later, she was already making the worlds top 10 list and on her up. Nicol has an invincible track picture in Asia after winning the Asian championship 5 times in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006.In January 2006, at the age of only 23 years old, Nicol reached a late height when she took over the helm as the worlds number one woman squash player. Nicol is not only the first Malaysian to take over the crown but is also the first Asian woman to be ranked number one.Her success in squash did not check Nicol to record impressive and outstanding academic achievement. She scored 8As in the PMR (Penilaian Menengah Rendah) and 9As in Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM). Before the exams, she would be seen juggling her time preparing for the exams as well as practic ing and perfecting her skills in court.Nicol David has been conferred Darjah Setia Pahlawan Negeri which carries the denomination Datuk. The award will be given by the Yang Dipertua Negeri of Penang, Tun Abdul Rahman Abbas tomorrow, in conjunction with his 70th birthday.Now a professional squash player, Nicol David is a definite role toughie for Malaysian and opposite youngsters around the globe. She trains under a former world number 2, Liz Irving in Amsterdam, Holland. Her desire to succeed has taken her to a territory where other Malaysians consider impossibility. She is also a living legend who proves that you can be exceptional in both sports and education fields.

The Importance of Psycholinguistics in Education

THE IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS IN EDUCATION A newborn infant baby forever and a day has the faculty of wonder . . . Psychology is the studies about human and mind. Psycholinguistics is the study about human and language which they acquire from a newborn baby, till they die. A newborn baby always has the faculty of wonder. That is how it is. If a newborn baby can talk, they impart say something about what an extraordinary world it is. As the time goes by, they will acquire the language used by their mom. Children is using their language creatively, no one teaches them how to use the language.Why shall we put a verb after subject (in most language)? It is their nature to learn it. Language is a maturationally controlled behaviour. That is, there is a nature of language which we can learn language by our own, and nurture, in which someone teach us so. When individuals reach a crucial point in their maturation, they are biologically in state of readiness of learning the behaviou r. Most of psycholinguists agree with these theory, but they relieve cannot agree with the term of innate.They cannot decide to what extent language ability is separate from other cognitive language. There is a study of the child language acquirement which is done by asking the parents write a diary, make a tape recordings, videotapes, or even controlled experiments. The studies show that child language is not full a degenerate from vainglorious language. At each stage of development the childs language conforms to a set of rules, a grammar. Although child grammar and adult grammars differ in certain respects, they also share many formal properties.Speaking about the norture of language by the children, it will be connected to the term of utilize linguistics. Because here, in applied linguistics, we study about how parents language influences their children language. Such a low class parents with a straightforward sentences, middle class parents with the usual language, and in high spirits class parents with their indirect language. Psycholinguistics is very useful to help us, a teacher candidate, understanding our students in the class. That is, as us is an Indonesian, we shall learn more about twinkling language Acquisition by the children.

Examine some of the ways in which Marxists explain crime Essay

One way in which Marxists examine disgust is the imagination that they nip shame is inevitable in capitalist economy because capitalism in itself is criminogenic. Due to capitalism being based on exploiting the working split up by using them as a means of make profit, this is therefore damaging to the working class and arguably explains wherefore crime is actted. Due to the exploitation of the working class, which may lead to poverty and in around cases the precisely way to survive poverty, is by using crime in order to feed and clothe families. Crime may also be the only way the working class can compete in this world of consumer goods, encouraged by capitalist advertising, resulting in theft and robbery.Lastly the lack of temper the working class have on their lives due to being controlled by their capitalist bosses and government can lead to frustration in the working class which in some situations can only be vented through violent crimes and vandalism. However this theory is floored as not all crime is committed by the working class and this theory does not take into account white coll ard crime such as levy fraud, therefore Gordon argues that crime is a rational response to the capitalist system and is therefore found in all social classes, even if the statistics say otherwise.Another Marxist idea that helps explain crime is Selective Enforcement. This is the idea that some Marxist do except that crime is widespread over all classes but the way in which the criminal justice system is applied, is unfair against those in working class and ethnic minorities. Whereas crime committed by the elite is ignored and treated with little severity. This is shown in Reimans book The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison the book shows that there is a disproportionally high rate of prosecutions against crime associated with the working class such a burglary and assault whereas crime typically committed by the rich such as tax evasion is treated with a m ore forgiving view in the justice system. This is could be argued to be due to the fact that people whom are more likely to commit tax fraud are affluent and therefore may have links in the justice system and can afford top lawyers.Neo Marxists are sociologist whom have been influenced by many ideas of traditional Marxists. Taylor agrees with agrees with the following Marxists theories on crime such as, the idea that capitalism exploits the working class, that the state enforces laws to benefit the higher classes and that capitalism should be replaced with a classless state in order for crime rates to decrease. However Taylor feels that that traditional Marxists are deterministic , for example traditional Marxists feel that workers commit crimes out of economic necessity. Whereas neo Marxists such as Taylor are anti-determinism and therefore feel that the reason why many of the working class commit crime is due to external factors such as anomie, subcultures and labelling. Due to th is voluntarism view of the causes of crime, Taylor feels the working class arent just crime committing puppets and takes a micro hail to causes and looks at individual cases and argues whether external factors such as abuse at young age have taken on effect as to why crime is committed.

The Weather Underground Review

The digest Underground Review During the Vietnam state of war, a radical protest group roseate up on the campus of the University of Michigan. Weathermen, as they became called in everyday vernacular, were actually nothing like weathermen at all they protested, rioted, bombed, and broke people out of jail, to mention a few of their actions. The name was formally changed to Weather Underground brass instrument a year after the founding, and their acts of terror followed shortly after.Earlier in the semester, a documentary close the Environmental Liberation Front was viewed. In this documentary, titled If a Tree Falls, a radical protest organization rises up to confront environmental issues. In this essay I will compare and contrast the two. The Weather underground Organization was formed in order to protest the United State Governments interjection in Vietnam, although it expanded to an array of other issues as time passed. The Civil Rights Movement became another catalyst for protest, as the notion of black power was not something very appealing to the members.Bill Areas, a prominent leader of the group, owned because he was upset with the war in Vietnam and wanted to do something about it. The group was peaceful towards people and to this day says that they neer killed an innocent person. Three of their members died when a bomb they were making exploded, but that was all. They bombed mostly government buildings and some banks, with notable attacks being through on the United States Capitol building, The Pentagon, and the New York Police Department.These attacks were all done to send a message of fear to the people in power in an crusade to make them change their ways. To justify the actions of the group, Bill Areas was quoted saying, Large numbers of people are broken from the notion that the system is working for people, that the system is just or humane or peaceful. The United States government reaching peace with Vietnam toward the middle of the sass was the reason for the organization going out of style, as they had no divulge left to protest.The Environmental Liberation Front was formed after a group of people became upset with how government policies were favorable for businesses looking to expand and transport forestry. Within the group, which only served o protest, there was a small cell that turned to arson in order to perpetuate their views. The leader, Daniel McGowan, organized various attacks on businesses and corporations that were cutting down trees. One of the better- known attacks was at a Colorado ski resort that resulted in hundreds Of thousands of dollars in destruction.The group was also nonviolent toward people, having never claimed a life. The Environmental Liberation Front leaders that were purporting the violent attacks were captured and arrested by United States Federal officials and tried in court in the last couplet of years. Both of these organizations have many things in common beginning with th em being categorized as terrorist organizations. The terrorist organizations were founded in response to a public issue that they felt up was not receiving enough attention and quickly turned to violence to get their message sent to the people in power.Both Bill Areas and Daniel McGowan were strong leaders with a substantial following of people, too. The attacks carried out by the organizations were also very meticulously planned out as to not kill any civilians, which would have seen the response from the government and police be much more significant. Their targets were similar then, in that regard, as it was entirely buildings that were bombed. The Weather Underground Organizations reason for formation and action was due(p) to the Vietnam War, which they strongly opposed.The reason that the Environmental Liberation Fronts formation was entirely different it was completely related to the destruction Of trees by businesses. Therefore, their targets differed in scope. The Weather underground Organization almost exclusively bombed government buildings, with some banks added in. To the contrary, The Environmental Liberation Front targeted businesses that cutting own forests for their personal benefit. The organizations both differed in how they faded out.The end of the Vietnam War saw the Weather underground Organization lose its relevance while the arrests of leaders in the Environmental Liberation Front caused it to cease its violent attacks. The distinguish defines a terrorist act as something that has political motives, involves violence or the threat of violence against noncombatants, intends to have far-reaching psychological repercussions, and is perpetrated by people who believe they are altruists. The Weather Underground Organization had al the makings of a terrorist organization based on this four-part definition.The motives of the group were entirely political it was created in response to the United States Government authorizing social function in the Vietnam War and also grew in scope during the Civil Rights Movement. Without the political catalysts to get the organization started, it would not have been formed in the first place. military group was found throughout the organization, as their attacks involved bombs on buildings, as well as freeing a person from prison. The threat of violence continued in the wake of attacks, as people ere constantly worried that their building was next.Moreover, the victims were noncombatants, as they were simply working for the government. The psychological repercussions were intended to be far reaching -? to the decision maker branch of the United States Government. They intended to influence the government at all levels to change their ways. Finally, the perpetrators were acting as if they were altruists. Clearly they felt that the Vietnam War was wrong and that, by their actions, they were going to make things right. During the Vietnam War, a radical protest group rose up on the ama ss of the University of Michigan.

Regime Type and its Influences on Growth Essay

During the last period of the 20th century, the world has spy the so called Asian Miracle, the phenomenon refers to Asian countries that achieved a actually high offset rate that western countries wee never experience before. Interestingly, ane prevalent thing these Asia countries direct in common be the experience of a certain level of dictatorship. For example, mainland Chinas economy during 1960-1980 was heavily centralized and the private sector was non allowed to exist. Singapore gained their independence in 1945 and started to develop with the leading role of governing body.Japan, Malaysia, Korea, and Vietnam experienced the equivalent level of dictatorship when they started to open their market and period of play into market economies. The idea behind this phenomenon is because the government can quickly decide what industry to investment in and the large investment help these industries to acquire sparings of scale quickly. The government takes the leading role as the distri merelyor of resources instead of the market as in Western countries. My study aims at examine the human relationship between the level of dictatorship and the step-up rate.Literature Re soak upThat good politics is prerequisite for sparing instruction was until recently the conventional wisdom. In 2002, for example, a USAID study asserted that withtaboo good governance, it is impossible to sustain development. Lately, however, this paradigm has begun to lose ground. Robert Zoellick, president of the World Bank, argued in an October 2010 speech that development practitioners should embrace secernate insurance policy approaches noting that what may safeguard (development) in one context my strangle in an another(prenominal). The leadership of the G20 nations in November endorsed a Seoul Consensus that there is no one size fits all formula for development success and that developing countries must take the lead in designing and implementing development strategie s tailored to their private need and circumstances. The topic of whether democracy and autocracy is much(prenominal) appropriate for growth has received a lot of attention lately.This paper impart examine five papers as examples of the current secernate of knowledge. Wilkin (2011) pull up stakess several definitions of good governance that he use in his paper. The World Bank defines governance is the puzzle out and institutions through whichdecisions argon make and authority in a country is exercised. Wilkin uses the governance metric offered by the Worldwide Governance Indicators Project. The indicators atomic number 18 grouped into six categories that are a useful guide to the dimensions of governance quality as it is generally conceived (1) voice and accountability (2) policy-making stability and absence of violent, (3) government effectiveness, (4) regulative quality, (5) rule of law and (6) control of corruption. According to this metric, Wilkin point out that China c ontinues to perform poorly on more or less of these indicators, ranking near or below the 50th percentile of countries assessed, while nonetheless achieving one of the fastest income growth rates of any country in the world. The reason that oligarchies in these countries can be beneficial to development is that they produce consistent policy choices.There are many developing countries that have achieved brief spurts of rapid per capita income growth in fact, Wilkin specifies that, more than 130 countries have experienced annual per capita income growth of 6% or more for five or more of the years between 1950 and 2007. The challenge is not to achieve growth of 6% or more for a few years, which is unremark able, but to do so for decades. This produces exponential rates of development, doubling the populations average income roughly every 12 years. To luck into this kind of consistency, oligarchy or authoritarian governance is useful and highly effective. Rodan and Jayasuriya (2009) focus their paper on the pitch contour process and how capitalism developed in several Asian countries.They compare several regimes types across atomic number 34 Asia and how the transition affect economic performance. The authors argue that a transition in Singapore from competitive monocracy to a more genuinely competitive governmental system requires a transformation in the governmental economy that suppresses bases for independent political organization. Meanwhile, political parties in post-authoritarian regimes in Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia do not operate quite as their counterparts historically have in earlier industrializing countries not simply because of deficient institutions but because of the morphological constraints on labor, social justice groups and other actors in civil golf-club.Chin-en Wu (2012) raise the question of whether democracy or autocracy is better for economic performance? By incorporating both institutionalfactors and geomorphologic incentives into his model, he begin that the relative strength of political regimes in steering economic development is conditional on structural factors, which exert greater influence in autocracies than in democracies. For instance, when confronting extraneous challenges, increasing national wealth becomes the most effective way for authoritarian leaders to reduce survival risk. Development provides incumbent governments with sufficient pecuniary resources, which can finance the states apparatuses, including the bureaucracy and coercive forces such as the military and police.Failure to cope with external threats could result in seceding territories and damaging domestic support, both increasing the prospect of losing power. Given the un cordial structural condition, i.e., low levels of external threats of abundant resources wealth, dictators have weak incentives to implement growth-supporting policies. In a democracies, by contrast, the presences of parliamentary institutions induces political leaders to deliver globe goods and partially substitute the role of structural factors. Conversely, where structural factors are conducive to growth, democracies do not necessarily outperform autocracies and may even grow at a slower rate because the flaw that are inherent in this system.Folch (2007) wrote a paper about the likely punishment infra dictatorship. This paper explores whether the probability of being punish after losing power leads dictator to secure their level of predation and, thus, increase economic growth. Holding dictators accountable is a difficulty problem, but under certain circumstances it might well improve their policy choices. Folch prove that dictators post tenure mass plays a key role in determining their level of graft and, hence, their economic performance.The logic Folch provide is quite simple, if dictators expect that after losing or giving up power they will be able to enjoy their booty in pleasant exile or in their own countr ies, their level of rent-extraction will be higher and this will lead growth rate to shrink. On the contrary, if the probability of being punished is high enough, dictators will constrain their greed and economic performance will improve. To confirm his theory, the author practice a simple model of predatory rule, and the consequences of increasing probability of punishment after losing power is explored. Theprobability of punishment is proven to have a positive and significant effect on the rate of growth of GDP and alternative specification of growth regressions.Pitliks paper (2008) put an emphasis on the electrical shock of growth performance on economic policy liberalization. He rejects the benefit of authoritarian regimes. In his paper, he investigates empirically the interaction between economic growth performance and political institutions in producing free-market reform. Using the entropy of up to 120 countries over the period of 1970-2004, Pitlik shows that political reg ime types systematically shape government policy responses to economic growth performance. In line with several other contributions, the author finds that elective rule is favorable for reform in general. Contrary to conventional wisdom, he argues Economic policy reform is a conflict-ridden political process.Policies beneficial for society as a whole are often not implemented collectible to a fierce opposition from politically powerful prospective losers from reforms. In this respect, it is often claimed that a very poor economic performance can help overcome resistance to economic policy liberalization. Furthermore, political authorities not constrained by democratic checks and balances are often supposed to be more decisive and thus expected to carry out market-friendly policy change in times of crises more easily. Later, Pitlik concludes that there is no need for autocratic rule to implement economic policy reform in times of crises. Democracies not only carry out more liberal economic policies in general, but they are also more responsive to economic growth crises.Barro (1996) did a throughout research on determinate of growth in his paper. First variable he analyzed is the convergence of economies. He pointed out that, based on the neoclassical growth model developed by Ramsey (1928), Solow (1956), Swan (1956), Cass (1965) the lower the offset level of real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) the higher is the predicted growth rate. That is, if all economies were intrinsically the same, debar for their starting capital intensities, then convergence could apply in an absolute sense in other words, poor countries would tend to grow faster per capita than rich ones. However, if economies differ in various respects including propensities to maintain and have children, willingness to work, access to technologies, and government policies- then the convergence force applies only in a conditional sense. He conclude that, the growth rate should be higher if the starting per capita GDP is low in relation to is long-run or steady-state position that is, if an economy begins far below its own target positon.He gives an example of a poor country that also has a low steady-state position possibly because its public policies are harmful or its saving rate is low- would not tend to grow rapidly. Barro also made a very important contribution in analyzing the interplay between economic and political development. He shares the same idea with Friedman (1962) that the two political freedom and economic freedom are mutually reinforcing. Though, he hard-pressed on the growth retarding aspects of democracy The tendency to enact rich-to-poor redistributions of income. Authoritarian regimes may partially keep down these drawbacks of democracy. Moreover, zip fastener in principle prevents non-democratic governments from maintaining economic freedom and private property rights. A dictator does not have to engage in central planning, he said.Some e xamples of autocracies that have expanded economic freedoms include the Pinochet government of Chile, the Fujimore administration in Peru, the Shahs regime in Iran and several current governments in East Asia. Schwarz (1992) observed that most OECD countries began their modern economic development in system with limited political rights and became full-fledged lesson democracies only much later. Barro concludes that an increase in political rights tends to enhance growth and investment because the benefit from limitations on governmental power is the key matter. But in places that have already achieved a moderate make sense of democracy, a further increase in political rights impairs growth and investment because the dominant effect comes from the intensify concern with income redistribution.Lipset (1959)s paper focuses on the relationship between propensity and democracy. He apparently prefers to view it as the Aristotle hypothesis From Aristotle down to the present, men have ar gued that only in a wealthy society in which relatively few citizens lived in real poverty could a situation exist in which the mass of the population could intelligently participate in politics and could develop the self-restraint necessary toavoid succumbing to the appeals of irresponsible demagogues. Lipset emphasized increased education and an enlarged middle class as elements that expand nakedness to democratic political tolerance norms. Therefore, he conclude that for a country to maintain democracy regime, it is necessary to attain a certain level of education and prosperity. Otherwise, forcing democracy without its prerequisite would lead to reduction in growth rate and political instability.Cheibub (1998) also studies the relationship between political regimes and particular aspect of economic performance. Specifically, it addresses the question of whether regime type, classified as democracy or dictatorship, has a causal impact on the extractive capacity of government, as measured by the level of taxes it collects. The findings reported in his paper are limpid there are no grounds for believing that democracies are less capable of collecting taxes than dictatorships. Although taxes are higher in democracies than in dictatorship, we should not infer that this is due to any inherent feature of democratic regimes. Once we control for the conditions that make us observe countries as one regime type or the other, and conjure up counterfactuals in which countries experiences conditions that are identical in every respect except for their political regime, we observe that the difference in level of taxes between the two regimes disappears.It is not that the two regimes do not matter for taxation. Even though taxation under democracies and dictatorships is influenced by broadly similar factors, there are also notable differences from one regime to the other. Per capita income, however, affects taxation only in democracies, whereas the pressure of servicing outside debts only affects the level of taxes in dictatorships. Therefore, although there are factors that influence differently the level of taxes collected by the government in each regime, regime type does not affect the overall level of taxation. Democracies are not any less capable than dictatorship of extracting taxes from society.

Mr. William Bryant And His Romantic Antics Essay

Romanticism is a style of writing based in the after-hours 19th century. It is characterized by nature, individual expression, emotion and imagination. Many writers in his time were part of the Romantic consummation and William Cullen Bryant was one of them. His poems be full of Romantic ideals such as the benevolence of nature and the emphasis on emotion. Bryant is clear a Romantic poet and his poems Thanatopsis and To a Waterfowl are clearly illustrations of this.Nature is a heavy(p) part of both Thanatopsis and To a Waterfowl. In Thanatopsis, Nature in reality has a speaking part. The personified Nature teaches the reader to not fear death, but accept it as a part of life. Nature in this poem is very comforting. She is described in detail and is portrayed as calm and compassionate in her way of speaking.In To a Waterfowl, nature is also important and in this poem, it is more concrete than the Nature in Thanatopsis. Bryant is talking about a lone waterfowl that is flying thr ough the air. The waterfowl is part of nature and he questions it as if it would answer. In Romantic poetry, it would answer, as in Thanatopsis, where nature actually speaks to the reader. This also shows the publishdom and the mystical aspect in his writing.Idealism is also a big romanticistic characteristic in these poems. In Thanatopsis, realism would consider death a dark and horrible thing. However, the opulent Bryant portrayed it as a part of life and that dying would bring you back to the divine Nature. In To a Waterfowl, the bird is solitary because he is a freethinking spirit and is flying free from others conventional ideas. This appeals to the radical and the idealistic Romantic in him.This poetry by William Cullen Bryant is clearly of the Romantic style. He uses nature in his poetry in an aesthetic way, stating it as a physical body being. Idealism is used in a romantic manner, glorifying death and showing the freedom of life in its natural form. His poetry is full o f content and emotion with forgiveness and love. Bryants Thanatopsis and To a Waterfowl are two excellent examples of Romantic poetry because they useRomantic ideas of freedom, idealism, and benevolence of nature.

Introduction to Astronomy

AST 101- cosmos to uranology terminal Exam (12/21/cc7) Instructions A. B. respond ALL questions on your Opscan, victimisation a 2 pencil. Make sure to flood bulge out your NAME and STUDENT ID. The computer identifies you by your student ID do non forget to include it. C. D. E. Do NOT mark your date of birth. The exam is CLOSED BOOK. You should not use any books or notes. cartridge holder 2 HOURS and 30 MINUTES. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the unrivaled alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is the last fate of an isolated pulsar?A) As sedateness overwhelms the neutron degeneracy insistence, it lead explode as a supernova. B) It allow foring spin ever faster, be access a milli g develop pulsar. C) The neutron degeneracy pressure willing eventu completelyy overwhelm sedateness and the pulsar will slowly evaporate. D) As gravity overwhelms the neutron degeneracy pressure, it will father a face cloth dwarf. E) It will slow down, t he magnetic field will weaken, and it will be sum up in obvious. 2) Which of the following statements round global clops is false? A) Globular cluster lead-ins argon genuinely metal-poor relative to the temperateness.B) Globular cluster stars ar more than 12 one thousand thousand geezerhood old. C) Globular clusters argon distri notwithstandinged spherically around the Milky elan. D) Globular clusters withstand legion(predicate) thousands of stars. E) Globular cluster yearss make up with distance from the Milky fashion. 3) Which of the following characteristics of stars has the greatest point in values? A) skunk B) centre of attention temperature C) radius D) surface temperature E) dazzlingness 4) Which statement best describes the solar neutrino business? A) Solar neutrinos pay been construe, except in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models.B) No one understands how it can be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. C) Our current u nderstanding of fusion in the Sun suggests that all neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at the earth, yet neutrinos be being detected. D) conjectural models predict that neutrinos should be produced in the Sun, unless if no neutrinos carry ever been let outd to be coming from the Sun. 1 AST 101- accounting entry to uranology Refer to this scenario for the following questions Final Lost in Spacetime. Just when you judgment it was safe to take final exams . . . vindictive multi-dimensional being r each(prenominal)es down (up? over? through? ) to Earth and pulls you out of the populace. You be thrown back into the human race at a place of this beings choosing, and she permits you to ease up completely subsequently you suck in identified your surroundings. You argon subject to several(prenominal) of these tests. Through a scientifically unexplainable miracle, you memberic number 18 able to survive in every one of the places you are tested. (Lest you pay off too comfortable, however, you certainly are able to feel any associated pain due to high temperature, pressure, gravity, etc. In each incase described under, identify your surroundings. In some cases, the surroundings described may pull round only during eras of the universe (past or future) different than our own time in those cases, you should identify some(prenominal) the place and the time where you are located. 5) It sure is b safe everywhere youve been able to travel around a bit, and its clear that you are not in a star. Yet it is as bright as looking directly at the Sun. In your extensive travels through your current surroundings, you cannot sustain a single neutral atom anywhere, nor can you find a marrow besides hydrogen or atomic number 2.And, while it is hot (a few thousand degrees Kelvin), it is nowhere near the temperature needed for nuclear fusion. Where are you? A) You are in the central regions of a quasar. B) You are in the universe more than 10 coke eld in the future. C) You are in the universe during its head start 300,000 years. D) You are in an accretion disk around a supermassive desolate hole. E) You are where the Sun should be located, except virtually 5 million years from now. 6) At last you are in a place where the heating and high concentration are no bimestrial b otherwiseing you. However, although the density is very low, the shoot a line around you is passing high in temperature.In fact, the temperature is so high that it is emitting lots of X rays, which are creating cancer-causing mutations in your corpse at a rapid rate. Well, at least the adopt is great There are no stars anywhere at heart rough 10,000 come-years of you, but at slightly great distances your sky is brightened by many beautiful, star-filled structures, some with majestic spiral shapes. Where are you? A) You are somewhere amid the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies in the Local Group. B) You are in inter astronomic space within a r ich cluster of thousands of galaxies.C) You are in the shopping center of the Milky Way extra astronomic nebula, looking outward into the Local Group. D) You are in the outskirts of a beetleweed whose nucleus is a precedentful quasar. E) You are in the universe when it was about 200 one million million years old, just before galaxies began forming. 7) You are once again in a hot, backbreaking place. You are surrounded by protons and neutrons, some rapidly fusing into helium. You notice that your surroundings are cooling ( faithful, because its unfeignedly hot ) and rapidly dropping in density. Within about 3 minutes, the fusion reactions stop. Where are you?A) You are in the center of a star much small than the Sun. B) You are inside a nuclear power plant on Earth. C) You are in the early universe during the era of nucleosynthesis. D) You are in the center of a massive star near the end of its life. E) You are in the center of a star very much like our Sun. 2 AST 101- Intr oduction to uranology Final 8) Talk about cold, dark, and empty As far as you look around you, there seems to be nothing at all. Even the nearest electron is light-years a focal denominate. And, no matter how far you travel, you can find no hale matter, not even a single proton.You do, however, detect a few strong gravitational handleprobably due to vague holesat enormous distances away from you. Where are you? A) You are where the Sun should be located, but about 5 billion years from now. B) You are in the central regions of a quasar. C) You are in the outskirts of a young cluster of galaxies. D) You are in the universe when it is over about 1040 years old. 9) The light radiated from the Suns surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the vitality of that light was released by fusion in the solar loading about A) a thousand years ago. B) a one hundred years ago. C) ten years ago. D) one year ago.E) a million years ago. 10) From lowest nada to highest zipper, which of t he following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic beam? A) gamma rays, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, unseeable, tuner B) visible light, infrared light, X rays, ultraviolet, gamma rays, tuner C) radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays D) infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays, radio E) radio, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays 11) What is a possible solution to the solar neutrino problem? A) Not all fusion reactions create electron neutrinos.B) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. C) The Sun is generating energy other than by nuclear fusion. D) The electron neutrinos created in the Sun change into another type of neutrino. E) We do not know how to detect electron neutrinos. 12) Newtons second law of motion tells us that the net hug applied to an mark agrees its A) momentum multiplication velocity. B) mass measure velocity. C) energy times acceleration. D) mas s times energy. E) mass times acceleration. 13) What happens when the gravity of a massive star is able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure?A) The star explodes violently, leaving nothing slowly. B) The core contracts and becomes a black hole. C) The core contracts and becomes a exsanguinous dwarf. D) The core contracts and becomes a ball of neutrons. E) Gravity is not able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure. 3 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 14) Radiative energy is A) heat energy. B) energy used in home radiators. C) energy of motion. D) energy from nuclear power plants. E) energy carried by light. 15) Most considerable galaxies in the universe are A) lenticular. B) irregular. 16) Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies are A) redder and rounder.B) bluer and rounder. C) bluer and flattened. D) redder and flattened. E) always much smaller. 17) Approximately how long does it take the Sun to orbit the Milky Way coltsfoot? A) 23,000 years B) 23 billion years C) 230,000 years D) 2. 3 million years E) 230 million years 18) Approximately how many stars does a dwarf elliptical galaxy acquit? A) less than a billion B) 10 billion C) 100 billion D) 1 trillion E) less than a million Final C) spiral. D) elliptical. 19) What is the ultimate fate of an isolated white dwarf? A) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a supernova.B) The electron degeneracy pressure will eventually overwhelm gravity and the white dwarf will slowly evaporate. C) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will become a neutron star. D) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a nova. E) It will cool down and become a cold black dwarf. 20) What turn up supports the theory that elliptical galaxies come from denser obscures? A) Elliptical galaxies take denser stars than spiral galaxies. B) Elliptical galaxies at high red shiftings lack young, blue stars. C) Elliptical galaxies have more gas than spiral galaxies.D) Elliptical galaxies are widely distributedly larger than spiral galaxies. E) Elliptical galaxies are denser than spiral galaxies. 21) Which of the following types of galaxies are most spherical in shape? A) lenticulars B) spirals C) irregulars D) ellipticals 4 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 22) Roughly how many stars are in the Milky Way galax? A) 1 billion B) 100 trillion C) 100 million 23) White dwarfs are so called because A) it amplifies the contrast with red giants. B) they are both very hot and very small. C) they are supported by electron degeneracy pressure.D) they are the end-products of small, low-mass stars. E) they are the opposite of black holes. 24) Which of the following is evidence for supermassive black holes in active galaxies? A) quasars emit approximately partake power at all wavelengths from infrared to gamma rays B) rapid changes in the luminosity of the galaxy nucleus C) very high fastness orbital motions around galactic nuc lei D) the depicty of tidy jets coming from a compact core E) all of the to a higher place 25) What happens to the surface temperature and luminosity when a protostar radiatively contracts?A) Its surface temperature re of imports the aforesaid(prenominal) and its luminosity decreases. B) Its surface temperature and luminosity remain the said(prenominal). C) Its surface temperature decreases and its luminosity increases. D) Its surface temperature and luminosity decrease. E) Its surface temperature and luminosity increase. D) 100 billion Final E) 10 billion An advanced civilization lives on a satellite orbiting a close binary star ashes that consists of a 15MSun red giant and a 10MSun black hole. Assume that the two stars are quite close together, so that an accretion disk surrounds the black hole.The artificial satellite on which the civilization lives orbits the binary star at a distance of 10 AU. 26) Sometime within the next million years or so, their planet is likely to b e doomed because A) jets of material torpedo out of the accretion disk will shoot down their planet. B) tidal ramps from the black hole will rip the planet apart. C) the red giant will probably undergo a supernova explosion within the next million years. D) their planet receives most of its energy from the red giant. However, this star will soon be completely devoured in the accretion disk and thus will no longer exist.E) the planets orbit step by step will decay as it is sucked in by the black hole. 27) Through a bizarre (and scientifically unexplainable) fluctuation in the spacetime continuum, a copy of a book titled Iguoonos How We Evolved appears on your desk. As you bring to read, you learn that the book describes the evolution of the people living in the star system described above. In the first chapter, you learn that these people evolved from organisms that lived 5 billion years ago. Which of the following statements should you expect to find as you continue to read this book?A) As a result of traumatic experiences of their evolutionary ancestors, they dislike television. B) They swear that the presence of two stars in their system was critical to their evolution. C) Their immediate ancestors were chimpanzees. D) They evolved from primitive wormlike creatures that had 13 legs, 4 eyes, and bald heads, thus explaining why such critters are now considered a spectacular delicacy. E) They evolved on a different planet in a different star system and get to their current location. 5AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final The following questions refer to the H-R diagram below that shows the life track of a 1-solar-mass star, with various layers labeled with Roman numerals. Figure 17. 1 28) Which stage lasts the longest? A) viii B) i C) iv D) iii E) vi 29) In the end, the remaining core of this star will be left behind as A) a supernova. B) a white dwarf make primarily of carbon and oxygen. C) a white dwarf made primarily of silicon and iron. D) a neutr on star. E) a black hole. 30) What is the Sun mainly made of?A) hydrogen and oxygen B) oxygen and carbon C) hydrogen and helium D) carbon and nitrogen E) nearly equal portions of all the elements 31) Which of the following comprise the oldest members of the Milky Way? A) red giant stars in spiral harness B) globose clusters C) Cepheid variables D) the Sun and other solar mass stars E) O stars 32) The wavelength of a wave is A) equal to the speed of the wave times the waves frequency. B) the distance between a superlative of the wave and the next trough. C) the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave. D) how strong the wave is.E) the distance between where the wave is emitted and where it is absorbed. 33) What is the name given to 2H? A) deuterium B) helium C) hydrogen D) tritium 6 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 34) Approximately how fast are you moving with the revolution of the earth around its axis? A) 130 km/hr B) 1,300 km/hr C) 13,000 km/hr D) 13 km/hr Final 35) W hat do astronomers mean by light taint? A) start out contamination refers to pollution caused by light industry as opposed to heavy industry. B) Light pollution refers to light used for human activities that brightens the sky and hinders astronomical observations.C) Light pollution refers to harmful gases emitted by universal street lights. D) Light pollution is another name for sunlight, which makes it impossible to see stars in the twenty-four hourstime. E) Light pollution refers to the lights that must be used inside major observatories and that make it difficult for astronomers eyes to adapt to darkness. 36) What evidence supports the galactic fountain model? A) We see a jet of ionized gas shooting out of the bulge of our galaxy. B) We have mapped several spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy. C) We have bumpd a lot of water molecules in the interstellar metier.D) We see hot gas above the disk of the galaxy and cool gas that appears to be raining down from the halo. E) We have no evidence yet for the galactic fountain model. 37) How do we know what happens at the event perspective of a black hole? A) Astronomers have analyzed the light from matter within the event horizon of many black holes. B) Astronomers have detected X rays from accretion disks around black holes. C) Astronomers have sent spacecraft through the event horizon of a nearby black hole. D) Physicists have created miniature black holes in the lab.E) We dont know for sure we only know what to expect based on the predictions of general relativity. 38) What is a central dominant galaxy? A) a giant spiral galaxy that exerts large tidal forces on other nearby galaxies B) a galaxy around which many other smaller galaxies orbit C) a hypothesized galaxy type that no longer exists but once dominated the structure of the universe D) a spiral galaxy from which many smaller galaxies form when it is stripped apart by tidal forces E) a giant elliptical galaxy at the center of a dense cluster 39) Th e study of energy levels in atoms is called A) piece physics.B) quantum mechanics. C) classical mechanics. D) general relativity. E) special relativity. 7 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 40) Why did the era of nuclei end when the universe was about 300,000 years old? A) All the free particles had combined to form the nuclei of atoms. B) Neutrinos and electrons were finally able to escape the germ plasm of the early universe and no longer heated the other particles. C) Photons were finally able to escape the germ plasm of the early universe and no longer heated the hydrogen and helium ions.D) The universe had rounded and cooled to a temperature of about 3,000 K, cool enough for stable, neutral atoms to form. E) No theory can explain this. 41) What causes the radio pulses of a pulsar? A) A black hole near the star absorbs energy and re-emits it as radio waves. B) The star vibrates. C) The star undergoes closureic explosions of nuclear fusion that generate radio emission. D) The stars orbiting companion periodically eclipses the radio waves emitted by the main pulsar. E) As the star spins, beams of radio radiation sweep through space. If one of the beams crosses the earth, we observe a pulse. 2) If we deliver the Milky Way Galaxy as the size of a grapefruit (10-cm diameter), the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy would be about A) 3 m. B) 100 km. C) 1 km. D) 10 cm. E) 30 m. 43) About where is our solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy? A) at the center of the galaxy B) about two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk C) about 10 percent of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk D) near the far outskirts of the galactic disk E) in the halo of the galaxy above the galactic disk 44) What is an astronomical unit?A) any basic unit used in astronomy B) the sightly speed of the earth around the Sun C) the diameter of the earths orbit around the Sun D) the average distance from the earth to the Sun E) the length of time it takes the earth to revolve around the Sun 45) How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets? A) It varied the motion of the celestial sphere so that it sometimes moved backward. B) It held that the planets moved on small circles that moved on larger circles around the Sun. C) It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the earth.D) It held that sometimes the planets moved backward along their circular orbits. E) It placed the Sun at the center so that the planets apparent retrograde motion was seen as the earth passed each one in its orbit. 46) What is meant by ghostlike resolution? A) It is the homogeneous as angulate resolution when applied to telescopes operating at different wavelengths. B) It is a measure of how close two point pedigrees can be distinguished. C) It is a measure of how much energy an object emits in different split of t he electromagnetic spectrum. D) It is a measure of how close two spectral lines can be distinguished. 8AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 47) The tides on Earth are an example of A) Newtons third law of motion. B) Newtons second law of motion. C) Newtons first law of motion. D) the universal law of gravitation. E) none of the above 48) What might be causing the universe to speed up? A) WIMPs B) dark gravity C) we dont know its a subject of continuing research D) MACHOs E) white-dwarf supernovae Final 49) White-dwarf supernovae are good standard candles for distance measurements for all the following reasons except which? A) All white-dwarf supernovae involve the explosion of stars of nearly the same mass.B) White-dwarf supernovae occur only among young and extremely bright stars. C) White-dwarf supernovae are common enough that we detect several every year. D) All white-dwarf supernovae have similar light curves, which makes them easy to distinguish from massive-star supernovae. E) White-dwarf supernovae are so bright that they can be detected even in very distant galaxies. 50) What do we mean by the singularity of a black hole? A) It is the center of the black hole, a place of infinite density where the known laws of physics cannot describe the conditions.B) An object can become a black hole only once, and a black hole cannot evolve into anything else. C) There are no binary black holes? each one is isolated. D) It is the point of no return of the black hole anything closer than this point will not be able to escape the gravitational force of the black hole. E) It is the edge of the black hole, where one could leave the observable universe. 51) Which of the following is an example in which you are traveling at constant speed but not at constant velocity?A) driving around in a circle at exactly 100 km/hr B) rolling freely down a hill in a cart, traveling in a straight line C) jumping up and down, with a period of exactly 60 hops per minute D) driving backward at exactly 50 km/hr E) none of the above 52) What is a superbubble? A) the region of space cleared by a powerful supernova B) a very low-density region of interstellar space, formed by the merger of several bubbles C) a very high-density region of interstellar space, filled with gas ejected from nearby star systems D) a bubble so large that it fills much of the galactic halo E) a cloud of gas that can form a million or more stars AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 53) No stars have been found with masses greater than 100 times our Sun because A) they would fragment into binary stars because of their rapid rotation. B) molecular clouds do not have enough material to form such massive stars. C) they would generate so much power that they would vagabond themselves apart. D) they are not bright enough to be seen nearby. E) they shine exclusively at X-ray wavelengths and become difficult to detect. 54) All of the following are involved in carrying energy outward from a stars core excep t A) conduction.B) radiative diffusion. C) neutrinos. D) convection. 55) In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do the biggest telescopes on Earth operate? A) ultraviolet B) radio C) infrared D) X-ray E) visible 56) Which is the strongest of the fundamental forces in the universe? A) weak force B) electromagnetic force C) strong force D) gravitational force E) none of the above 57) The path that led to modern acquirement emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world? A) China B) North America C) Southern Asia D) the Mediterranean and the lay East E) Central and South AmericaFinal 58) Most of the energy produced in the Sun is released in the form of visible light from the photosphere. However, some energy is released from the hurrying layers of the solar nimbus. Which of the following best describes where other forms of light are released? A) The convection zone is the lineage of ultraviolet light, and the upper photosphere is the source of X rays. B) The c hromosphere is the source of infrared light, and the corona is the source of ultraviolet light. C) The chromosphere is the source of X rays, and the corona is the source of radio waves.D) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light, and the corona is the source of X rays. 59) How did Edwin Hubble measure the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy? A) He applied the period-luminosity similitude to Cepheid variables. B) He used white dwarf supernovae. C) He deduced it from its redshift. D) He used main-sequence fitting. E) He measured its parallax. 10 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 60) Dr. smith believes that the Hubble constant is H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc. Dr. Jones believes it is H0 = 50 Final km/s/Mpc.Which statement below automatically follows? A) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is younger than Dr. Jones believes. B) Dr. Smith believes that the Andromeda Galaxy (a member of our Local Group) is moving away from us at a faster speed than Dr. Jones believes. C) Dr. Smith believe s that the universe is expanding, but Dr. Jones does not. D) Dr. Smith believes that the universe will someday stop expanding, while Dr. Jones believes it will expand forever. E) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is older than Dr. Jones believes. 61) What is an artificial star?A) a meteor B) the unseen member of a binary star system C) a satellite orbiting the earth D) a point of light in the earths atmosphere created by a laser for the purpose of monitoring atmospheric fluctuations E) a possible source of dark matter in the universe 62) When we see X rays from an accretion disk in a binary system, we cant instantly tell whether the accretion disk surrounds a neutron star or a black hole. Suppose we then observe each of the following phenomena in this system. Which one would force us to immediately rule out the possibility of a black hole?A) bright X-ray emission that varies on a time scale of a few hours B) spectral lines from the companion star that alternately shift to shorte r and longer wavelengths C) visible and ultraviolet light from the companion star D) sudden, intense X-ray bursts 63) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would we find white dwarfs? A) upper left B) lower right C) lower left D) upper right 64) On a cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is compressed into 1 year, when did Kepler and Galileo first discover that we live on a planet in a solar system?A) 1 second ago B) December 30 C) 1 week ago D) December 25 E) 1 day ago 65) Why does the Big Bang theory predict that the cosmic background radiation should have a perfect caloric radiation spectrum? A) It doesnt predict that the cosmic background radiation should have a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. B) The spectrum of 75 percent hydrogen and 25 percent helium is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. C) The light from all the stars and gas in the sky averaged over the ideal universe is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum.D) The spectrum of pure hydrogen is a pe rfect thermal radiation spectrum. E) The background radiation came from the heat of the universe, with a peak corresponding to the temperature of the universe. 11 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 66) If a material is transparent, then it A) scatters light well. B) emits light well. C) transmits light well. D) absorbs light well. E) reflects light well. 67) He observe what we now call Newtons first law of motion. A) Ptolemy B) Galileo C) Tycho Brahe 68) Where was the Sun in Ptolemys model of the universe?A) slightly appendage from the center B) between the earth and the Moons orbit C) at the outer edge, beyond Saturns orbit D) between the orbits of genus Venus and Mars E) at the center Final D) Kepler E) Copernicus 69) Why do we expect the cosmic background radiation to be almost, but not quite, the same in all directions? A) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but the universe must have contained some regions of higher density in order for galaxies to form. B) The temperature of the universe can be found by taking an average over the entire sky, but separate stars will create peaks in the spectrum over small angles.C) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but the synthesis of different elements produces varying signatures within the background spectrum. D) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but intervening gas between us and the era of nuclei absorbs wavelengths depending on the composition and redshift of the gas. E) Dark matter consisting of WIMPs greatly smooths out the spectrum, but the small patches of light matter create peaks in the spectrum. 70) A star of spectral type O lives approximately how long on the main sequence?A) 10,000 years B) 1 million years C) 1,000 years D) 1 billion years E) 100 million years 71) If you wanted to observe a molecular cloud, in which of the ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum would you most likely observe? (There are additional possibilities. ) A) infrared B) gamma-ray C) X-ray D) ultraviolet E) visible 72) How do we learn about what is going on in the center of our own galaxy (the Milky Way)? A) We cannot see the galactic center with visible or ultraviolet light, but radio and X rays from the center can be detected.B) The gas and dust in the Milky Way prevent any type of direct observation of the galactic center, but theoretical models allow us to predict what is happening there. C) We have learned it only recently, thanks to the great photographs obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. D) We must look at the centers of other galaxies and hope that ours is just like others. 12 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 73) The age of the universe is A) between 100 billion and clx billion years. B) between 100 million and 160 million years. C) between 1 billion and 1. 6 billion years.D) between 10 billion and 16 billion years. E) between 10 million and 16 million years. Final 74) Which forces have physicists shown to be the same force under con ditions of very high temperature or energy, as confirmed by experiments in particle accelerators? A) the strong and electromagnetic forces B) the electromagnetic and weak forces C) gravity and the strong force D) the strong and weak forces E) gravity and the weak force 75) Cluster ages can be determined from A) main sequence fitting. B) pulsating variable stars. C) ocular binaries. D) main sequence turnoff. E) spectroscopic binaries. 6) The spectral sequence sorts stars according to A) radius. B) mass. C) luminosity. D) surface temperature. E) core temperature. 77) Why wasnt the intracluster mediocre in galaxy clusters discovered until the 1970s? A) The medium emits X rays, which are blocked by the earths atmosphere and require X-ray satellites in space in order to be observed. B) We didnt have the resolution to observe galaxy clusters until then. C) We did not know how much dark matter existed before then. D) Radiation emitted by the medium was so dim that we couldnt detect it un til we built much larger telescopes.E) The Milky Way was blocking our view of distant galaxy clusters. 78) The most active galactic nuclei are usually found at large distances from us relatively few nearby galaxies have active galactic nuclei. What does this imply? A) Active galactic nuclei tend to become less active as they age. B) Active galactic nuclei can form only at large distances from the Milky Way. C) The jets seen in many active galactic nuclei must cause them to move far away from us. D) Massive black holes existed only when the universe was young and no longer exist today. 13 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 9) Which of the following is an example of baryonic matter? A) neutrinos B) you C) mesons produced by physicists in particle accelerators D) electrons and positrons produced by pair production E) WIMPs Final 80) How can we see through the interstellar medium? A) by using only the biggest telescopes B) by observing only the brightest visible sources C) by using tele scopes above the earths atmosphere D) by observing in high-energy wavelengths such as X rays and long wavelengths of light such as radio waves E) We cannot see through the interstellar medium. 1) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that have the greatest mass? A) upper right B) lower left C) lower right D) upper left 82) What is nuclear fusion? A) an explosion caused by putting together two volatile chemicals B) a process that only occurs in bombs C) the process of splitting nuclei to produce energy D) the process of combining whippersnapper nuclei to make heavier nuclei E) the process of turning matter into pure energy 83) He developed a system for predicting planetary positions that remained in use for some 1,500 years.A) Copernicus B) Tycho Brahe C) Kepler D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 84) What causes stars to twinkle? A) variable absorption by interstellar gas along the line of sight to the star B) the inability of the human eye to see faint objects C) crease of light rays by turbulent layers in the atmosphere D) variations in the absorption of the atmosphere E) It is intrinsic to the starstheir brightness varies as they expand and contract. 5) The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that the earth and other planets orbit the Sun. A) Copernicus B) Kepler C) Tycho Brahe D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 86) What is a typical mass-to-light ratio for the inner region of a spiral galaxy, in units of solar masses per solar luminosity? A) 6 B) 0. 1 C) 1,000 D) 600 E) 100 14 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 87) In the formula E = mc2, what does E re expose?A) the mass-energy, or potential energy stored in an objects mass B) the radiative energy carried by light C) the electric charge of the object D) the kinetic energy of a moving object E) the gravitational potential energy of an object held above the ground The following questions refer to the sketch below of an H-R diagram for a star cluster. Figure 17. 2 Final 88) Based on its main-sequence turnoff point, the age of this cluster is A) about 10 billion years. B) less than 1 billion years. C) more than 15 billion years. D) about 2 billion years. E) about 1 billion years. 9) What percentage of a molecular clouds mass is interstellar dust? A) 1% B) 28% C) 50% D) 12% E) 1-50%, depending on the mass of the molecular cloud 90) Which of the following correctly states the luminosity-distance formula? luminosity A) distance = 4? ? (apparent brightness)2 B) apparent brightness = luminosity ? 4? ? (distance)2 apparent brightness C) luminosity = 4? ? (distance)2 D) apparent brightness = luminosity 4? ? (distance)2 15 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 91) Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy by A) looking at the shape of the milky band across he sky. B) chromosome mapping the distribution of globular clusters in the galaxy. C) mapping the distribution of stars in th e galaxy. D) looking at other nearby spiral galaxies. E) mapping the distribution of gas clouds in the spiral arms. 92) Which of the following statements about stages of nuclear burning (i. e. , first-stage hydrogen burning, second-stage helium burning, etc. ) in a massive star is not true? A) Each sequential stage creates an element with a higher atomic weight. B) As each stage ends, the core shrinks further.C) Each successive stage of fusion requires higher temperatures than the previous stages. D) Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same come in of time. Final 93) Which of the following is not true of quasars? A) Some quasars are more than a thousand times more luminous than the Milky Way. B) Some quasars can change their brightness every few hours. C) Quasars are powered by the energy radiated by matter falling into a central black hole. D) Quasars are powered by the intense production of large numbers of stars that can only be continue for a relatively short ti me.E) Quasars were more common in the past. 94) How does the spectrum of a molecule differ from the spectrum of an atom? A) Molecules only have spectral lines at ultraviolet wavelengths. B) Most atoms only have spectral lines at infrared wavelengths. C) A molecule does not have spectral lines due to electrons changing energy levels. D) A molecule has additional spectral lines due to changes in its rotational and vibrational energies. E) An atom has a wider range of spectral lines than molecules. 95) We can learn a lot about the properties of a star by canvass its spectrum.All of the following statements are true except one. Which one? A) We can identify chemical elements present in the star by recognizing patterns of spectral lines that correspond to particular chemicals. B) We can look at Doppler shifts of spectral lines to determine the stars speed toward or away from us. C) The total amount of light in the spectrum tells us the stars radius. D) The peak of the stars thermal emis sion tells us its temperature Hotter stars peak at shorter (bluer) wavelengths. 96) Where does the energy come from that your body uses to keep you unrecorded?A) It is produced from the radiative energy of the Sun on your skin. B) It comes from the foods you eat. C) It is created during the time that you rest or sleep. D) It is in the air that you breathe. E) It comes from the water you drink. 16 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 97) Which of the following statements best describes the two principal advantages of telescopes over eyes? A) Telescopes have much more magnification and better angular resolution. B) Telescopes can collect far more light with far better angular resolution. C) Telescopes can collect far more light with far greater magnification.D) Telescopes collect more light and are unaffected by twinkling. E) Telescopes can see farther without run across distortion and can record more accurate colors. 98) According to the universal law of gravitation, if you tri ple the distance between two objects, then the gravitational force between them will A) decrease by a factor of 9. B) decrease by a factor of 6. C) decrease by a factor of 3. D) increase by a factor of 3. E) increase by a factor of 9. 99) Degeneracy pressure is the source of the pressure that stops the crush of gravity in all the following except A) a neutron star.B) a brown dwarf. C) the central core of the Sun after hydrogen fusion ceases but before helium fusion begins. D) a very massive main-sequence star. E) a white dwarf. 100) Which of the following is not a maintain quantity? A) momentum C) energy B) angular momentum D) radiation 17 Answer rudimentary Testname FINAL_071212 1) E 2) E 3) E 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) D 9) E 10) C 11) D 12) E 13) B 14) E 15) C 16) A 17) E 18) A 19) E 20) B 21) D 22) D 23) B 24) E 25) E 26) C 27) E 28) D 29) B 30) C 31) B 32) C 33) A 34) B 35) B 36) D 37) E 38) E 39) B 0) D 41) E 42) A 43) B 44) D 45) C 46) D 47) D 48) C 18 Answer Key Testname FINAL _071212 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) 70) 71) 72) 73) 74) 75) 76) 77) 78) 79) 80) 81) 82) 83) 84) 85) 86) 87) 88) 89) 90) 91) 92) 93) 94) 95) 96) B A A B C A B C D D A A D D C A E C B D A B A A D B D D A A B D D D E C A A A A A D B D D D C B 19 Answer Key Testname FINAL_071212 97) B 98) A 99) D 100) D 20