Compare and contrast the effectiveness of the flag state measures Essay

Compare and contrast the effectiveness of the flag state measures - Essay Example Flag state, port state and trade measures are implemented for promoting responsible operations of fisheries. Flag state measures in relation to a fishing vessel, are the rules implemented by the state under whose laws the fishing vessel is registered or licensed. In the case of a fishing vessel that is not registered or licensed under the laws of any state, the term refers to actions taken by the state whose flag the fishing vessel is entitled to ply2. Port state measures refers to the â€Å"inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements for international regulations, and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with these rules†3. Trade measures are trade related tools for improving fisheries management, including measures to monitor and enforce compliance with Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), trade regulation under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), and other trade-related acts4. The issue of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is being highlighted by the international fisheries policy agenda in recent years. This is because IUU fishing not only undermines the sustainability of fisheries management methodology both domestically and internationally thereby impacting ocean biodiversity, but also has detrimental economic and social outcomes. Hence, ensuring the sustainability of fisheries by promoting responsible fishing, is now being increasingly focused on5. Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a growing threat to sustainable fisheries management and marine biodiversity. It occurs in all fisheries whether they are operated in areas under national jurisdiction or on the high seas. A number of international policy instruments that address the management of world fishery resources, also cover the issue of IUU fishing. In spite of the

American Paradox, The US Iranian relations during the Shah of Iran Essay

American Paradox, The US Iranian relations during the Shah of Iran. The paradox between the US policy against the dictato - Essay Example However, there was a lot of discontent among the people of Iran due to his dictatorial attitude. Shah’s regime collapsed in 1979 during a period known as the Iranian or Islamic revolution. The Islamic revolution brought monarchical rule in Iran to an end. The Iranian Revolution took place in 1979, 1many analyst explain that during this time about eight million people, approximately one-fifth of the whole of Iranian population, took to the streets to demonstrate about the still-formidable regime of Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi. After the victorious triumph of the revolution, it became evident that the powers affiliated with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeni had gained control in the post-revolutionary struggle for power, the grand party that had managed to overthrow the Shah`s regime had begun to collapse. Consequently, progressive support for the new regime decreased to a very dedicated core base that comprised a division of clerical establishments, the middle class, and the urban poor enabling the new regime to combine its powers. 2 The recent history of the Iran an Islamic Republic is outstanding in its steady disintegration in the extent and capacity of public support for the regime. At the end of the twentieth century, Iran was a nation of frustrated hopes. The revolutionaries had pledged to reverse the course of dependent economic development, which favored economic growth and compensating a few well connected families that had been pursued by the Pahlavi regime. The revolutionary regime, promised to establish an economically developed and independent Iran in which the fruits ofthe economic growth and prosperity were to be added with equity and social justice. Civil liberties as well as the rights of citizens to petition their Government through the formation of voluntary association and political parties were to assured. The Government and the society were to become morally upright through piety and strict compliance with the dictators of Islam. 3â€Å"Sho rtly after the revolution, in search of self-sufficiency, the Iranian government nationalized a vast proportion of Iran’s large scale industries, as well as banking and insurance.† 4Iran`s economy had been deteriorating due to the country`s population. The country’s population has doubled, reaching approximately 64 million people, which is approximately 30 million above the population during the Shah`s regime. The population exploded as a result of the clerical elites who reintroduced the child marriage, and discouraged contraceptives after the revolution. Iran`s population is already expanding to the present regime which has caused even a more devastating consequences for the future. Relations between the United States and Iran during the reign of Shah were pleasant. During the reign of President Eisenhower in the United States, Moscow asserted that the United States supported a coup by Shah. 5â€Å"The United States had been pictured as actively intervening in Iranian affairs and as the inspirer of the attempted coup by the Shah.† This was contrary to the move of supporting freedom worldwide that the United States had taken after the Second World War. 6â€Å"The United States policy during that period was based on a policy of containment-an effort to contain the influence of communism.† Despite embarking on the policy of ‘

Country Lovers Essay Example for Free

Country Lovers Essay The narrative elements of literature are crucial when writing a story as they are what raises the story above being a line of strung together sentences and give the story meaning. It is especially important to have a clear idea of these elements when wring short stories because, unlike novels, the writer is only given a small amount of space to get his/her point across. By reading literature and searching for these narrative elements one can get a true feeling for their importance to the story and improve their own writing. Recently I have had the pleasure of reading the short story â€Å"Country Lovers†, by Nadine Gordimer and in this paper I will explain how she used the narrative elements of plot, theme and point of view to enhance her story and make it a richer experience. The story â€Å"Country Lovers† written by Nadine Gordimer is a story about love and race. This story starts with a childhood love and grows into adulthood. â€Å"Country Lovers† is a story that deals with a forbidden love between a black woman named Thebedi and a white man whose name is Paulus. Thebedi gets pregnant by Paulus which is not allowed in the 1900’s and Paulus did not know about this pregnancy. Thebedi decides to get married after Paulus leaves for collage and the man she marries accepts the child as his own. After Paulus returns and finds out about the pregnancy the child mysteriously dies. In W. R. Clugston’s book, The Journey Into Literature he defines plot as â€Å"a dynamic element in fiction, a sequence of interrelated, conflicting actions and events that typically build to a climax and bring about a resolution† (Clugston, 2010, p. 5. 1). This is a story of a romance between a white man and a black woman who discover their love is restricted by the law, which is troublesome for them both because they love each other deeply and in the end this restriction ends in tragedy. In W. R. Clugston’s book, The Journey Into Literature, he also describes how to identify the theme in a story: â€Å"To identify a storys theme its necessary to look beyond the plot. The plot tells you what happens in a story, but the theme tells you what the story is about† (Clugston, 2010, p. 7. 1). The theme of the story helps the story evolve and come to life. The theme of this particular story is love and race and as I pointed out earlier the race part of the theme is a white man falls in love with a black woman. Even though there is so much going on in this the overall theme to this story is love, specifically a forbidden love. Now let talk about the point of view of the story â€Å"Country Lovers†. Cluston defines point of view as, â€Å"Point of view refers to who tells the story—how the action is presented to the reader. When you read a story, you are sensing everything in it through the eyes of the narrator. Its important to remember that the narrator, whether a character inside the story or one looking on from outside the action, is a voice invented by the author for the purposes of the story† (Clugston, 2010, p. 5. 1). The point of view in this story is third–person omniscient. This means that the narrator is not a character in the story and we are reading the story from the narrator’s and not the character’s view. The omniscient part of the point of view is the narrator is helping us to experience the feelings of the characters. Point of view has so much impact on the story because it gives us the feeling of the story. The article â€Å"Country Lovers† explains why the third person narrative is essential to this story: â€Å"It [†¦] used third person because then we get a neutral point of the story, and we don’t natural[y] take side[s] with one of them†( Country Lovers, 2012,). If someone writes a story in a first person you are getting everything from the character s point of view and a person reads what they see, feel, and hear. This will change the story dramatically because people don’t know if what they see is real or not. It is the character who makes people feels the way someone does. As for third person the narrator tells us what is really going on in the story. People know what the truth is and what is not. When someone gets to read a story in third person they get the whole perspective. All of the literary elements help a story come together. If someone does not have all the parts of the story such as plot, theme, tone and point of view then the story will be lacking. The plot of the story lays everything out what is going to happen, the theme of the story tells you what kind of story it is going to be, the tone determines how the story will be told (Clugston, 2010, p. 5. 3), and the point of view can change everything. These elements are all critical in turning words on a page into literature and if you take even one piece away even the great works of history would be reduced to nothing. I. B. singer said it best when he said, â€Å"A story to me means a plot where there is some surprise. Because that is how life is full of surprises† (Singer, 2001).

Impacts Of Singapores Integrated Resorts

Impacts Of Singapores Integrated Resorts Singapore is a small island city with a total population of about 4.98 million. The local population consists of approximately 74.2% ethnic Chinese, 13.4% Malays and 9.2% Indians. The remainder 3.2% is made up of Eurasians and other foreign workers. It is a relatively young population with only 217,000 or 7% of the population currently over the age of 65 (Singapore Facts and Figures, 2009) Integrated Resorts is to strengthen the leisure and entertainment options to enhance Singapores reputation as a must-visit destination for leisure and business visitors. The Integrated Resorts will be part of a larger spectrum of tourism products and are developing to enhance our destination appeal, and will enhance the tourism industry and economy. (Ministry of Trade and Industry, 2010) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore expanded at an annual rate of 24.00 percent in the last reported quarter. From 2007 until 2010, Singapores average quarterly GDP Growth was 7.62 percent reaching an historical high of 45.70 percent in March of 2010 and a record low of -12.50 percent in June of 2008. Singapore along with Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan is one of the Four Asian Tigers. Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. (Trading Economics, 2010). The Integrated Resorts are contributing to GDP of the country and it is boosting the economy. (DBS treasures 2010) Integrated Resorts is in reality nothing new in the world of gaming and Integrated resorts. Singaporeans were requesting international world class developments combining elements already found in other major casino developments such as the Crown Entertainment Complex in Melbourne, Australia; The Venetian and Palazzo in Las Vegas; The Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas; Genting Highlands outside of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. On the other hand Singapore has seen the results of the Integrated Resorts, so they wanted to achieve those benefits as well (Andrew. M William. R, 2008) Integrated Resorts Integrated Resorts (IRs) are resorts with mixed development like hotels, restaurants, convention centre, theme park, shopping centre, casino, (Lee, 2005). As it has a gaming component casino, integrated resorts development has stirred a great controversy among the Singaporeans. On 18 April 2005, The Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr Lee Hsien Loong announced the cabinets decision to develop two integrated resorts in Marina Bay Sands and Resorts World at Sentosa. The Singapore Government stated that the aim of the Integrated Resorts is to boost the countrys tourism industry and economy. There has been very keen competition from the neighboring countries like Malaysia, Thailand and Hong Kong. According to the Government, the Integrated Resorts are expected to create some 35,000 jobs directly and indirectly (Business Times, 08 Nov 2005). There could be a negative social impact of gambling. The Government, however, promised to have a proper and strict safeguard to limit the social impact of gambling, among others exorbitant entrance fee and the casinos would not extend credit to local population (Parliamentary Debate on IR Decision, 2005) An Integrated Resort is really a very large scale entertainment development based around a casino. The casino component is physically small, but is the primary economic engine which drives overall returns and facilitates investment in other facilities and amenities. Thus the casino element must be of such magnitude and importance that it can generate over half of the developments annual cash. With capital costs associated with Integrated Resorts at, say, US$4 billion, such a facility would need to generate at least US$500 million in EBITDA (Earnings before Interest, Taxation, Depreciation and Amortisation) to be viable (Andrew. M William. R, 2008) 1.2. Definition of Socio Economic In most cases, socio economists focus on the social impact of some sort of economic change, which is basically a study of the relationship between the economic activity and social life (Davis et al, 2008) 1.3 Objectives of the Research The objectives of this research are to understand the Socio-Economic impacts of the Singapore Integrated Resorts. This research deals with the socio-economic factors that have potential impact from the Singapore Integrated Resorts and how Singapore is being affected by Integrated Resorts what kind of positive or negative things this can bring to the person such as it would create better and more job opportunities for the people and would it revitalize the Singapore tourism industry. On the other hand how does the Integrated Resorts play a vital role in boosting the economy of Singapore, will the Singapore integrated resorts will be able to attract the potential customers and the tourism industry will grow better and Integrated Resorts would revitalize the tourism industry as there been a drop in the tourism sector. Economy of the Singapore would be affected by the Integrated Resorts how it would play a vital role in booming the economy. 1.4 Motivation This research deals with the socio-economic factors that have potential impact on the Singapore. The main aim is to focus and to investigate, analyze the socio-economic impact. The motivation for this research is to find out the process and ways the Integrated Resorts of Singapore boost the economy, revitalize the tourism, and change the shape of tourist coming to Singapore and how they create job opportunities for the people of Singapore. Would the Integrated Resorts be able to improve the well-being of the local population by generating jobs and increasing income? Would they will be able to play the role towards Singapore Economy and how they would benefit the local people of the country. The motivation to do this research is to see that would be able to revitalize the Singapore tourism as it is declining in past few years and what does the IR have to contribute to make a difference and how would the economy of Singapore would be boosted by the IR and what Job opportunities would the IR create for the local people of Singapore. The researcher wants to study how the Singapore Integrated resorts would perform as it has all the same components which the other neighboring Integrated resorts have like Mauritius, Crown Melbourne, and Macau China. 1.5 Research Focus The Focus of this research is to understand the Socio-Economic impact of the Singapore Integrated Resorts. The main aim to understand how, the impacts of the Singapore Integrated Resorts can play a vital role on both socio and economic these impacts could be positive or negative as well Revitalize Singapore Tourism (Andrew. M and William R, 2008) Boost Singapore Economy (R. Nunkoo and H. Ramkissoon, 2010) Job creation (Andriofis. K, 2008) 1.6 Research Questions In this report we have to invest the socio economic impacts of Singapore Integrated Resorts and the effects of these socio and economic impacts could be negative and positive. Revitalize Singapore Tourism. Boost Singapore Economy. Job creation Chapter 2 Literature Review The purpose of literature review is to make sure that we analyze the Socio Economic Impacts of Singapore Integrated Resorts and the purpose of the literature review is to select promising measure, methods (Mamchak and Mamchak, 1994) The Integrated Resort (IRs) is undoubtedly a necessary step to Singapores future economic viability. As Singapore has no natural advantages, it must capitalize its ability to stay at the front of the global economy, with focus to attract foreign investors, tourists and talent. Surveys have suggested that Singapore is seen as unexciting compared to other travel destinations, and has been labeled as conservative, moderate and stale (Straits Times, 2005) The Integrated Resorts and casino in Asia has grown significantly across the Asia Pacific region since 1999. The growth of the Integrated Resorts and casino market in Asia over the past 10 years and its continued expansion will have an impact on established casino markets in the region, including Australia, Mauritius and Macau have led the way with the development of integrated casino resorts. These developments have come during a period when both Asian economies and the Asian tourism market have grown significantly since 1999, with further growth in both expected into the future. Integrated resorts can be viewed as an attempt to provide a carefully planned, controlled and well defined tourism product (Wall, 1997, p. 715) Macau became the largest casino and Integrated Resorts market in the world, growing from US$2bn 1999 to US$14bn by endà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 2008. The sole casino operator in Malaysia, Resorts World, grew revenues from Au $1bn to in excess of Au $2bn by 2007. These integrated resorts have similarities with the resort pioneered by Genting in Malaysia, with meetings, incentives conventions and exhibitions (MICE) facilities, restaurants and entertainment venues, sitting alongside gambling facilities. However, the sheer size and number of these resorts have eclipsed those in most other parts of the world. (Harry. A Laurie. K, 2009) Singapore having problems to attract tourist and there was big decline in the tourism industry in the year 2008-09 so Singapore decided to have the two Integrated Resorts in order to race with the other Resorts in the Asia as they were behind in the chase as the other nations were attracting plenty of tourist and the economy of the country is booming like Mauritius, Macau, and Crown Melbourne. Based on the research objectives, the researcher will provide relevant concepts in the review of current literature in this chapter. Growth in Asia since 1999 and the countries enjoying the benefits of the Integrated Resorts by economic boost to the country, better job opportunities to the people, and improve the tourism of the country. Singapore catches up with the mastermind race. Revitalize Singapore Tourism (Andrew. M and William R, 2008) The visitor arrivals to Singapore started to decline from June 2008 coinciding with the economic downturn. September/October saw a slight pickup in arrivals due to the 2008 FORMULA 1 SingTel Singapore Grand Prix. As a result, Singapore ended the year with a marginal decline of 1.6% in arrivals to reach a total of 10.1 million visitor arrivals. Visitor arrivals to Singapore fell by 4.5% year-on-year in July 2009 to reach 881,000 visitors. Visitors days were estimated at 4.6% million days, year-on-year decrease of 11.6% in comparison of July 2008 (923,000) The decline in tourism is certainly a concern for Singapore and the solution is to revitalize Singapores tourism and create a unique Singapore niche. There is little point in selling Singapore as a country rich in heritage and culture; rather, the Integrated Resorts will market the modern entertainment, vibrant city life, and a constantly changing environment Singapore can best call her own (Singapore Tourism Board, 2009). Figure 1 Decline in tourism in 2008C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factsdrop in numbers.png Source: Singapore Tourism Board, 2010 Arrivals to Singapore dropped by some 4% in 2009, to 9.7mn. An extremely strong performance in the second half of the year was not quite enough to offset the poor start to the year experienced by the tourism industry. Tourism revenue totaled an estimated SGD12.4bn for the year, according to figures released by the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) in February 2010. This represented a decline of 19%, as tourists spent less while in country. Although 2009 was difficult for the Singaporean tourism industry, there are reasons to be positive about the outlook for 2010 as the global economy recovers. In particular, the opening of the two integrated resorts, Marina Bay Sands and Resorts World Sentosa, help the island attract new tourists (STB, 2010) Integrated Resort developments at the present time might cost US$4 billion or more, and include facilities and amenities that create virtual cities of entertainment. These new style resorts also change the landscape around them by spurring complementary developments and even enhancing the interest amongst some to have residences in close by to them. Thus they can become substantial hubs of economic activity, catalysts and improve tourism (Andrew. M and William R, 2008) Perhaps the most significant economic impact from the development of an Integrated Resort is tourist impact. An Integrated Resorts located in a capital city such as Singapore or Melbourne, IR can generate significant visitor numbers sometimes exceeding ten million per annum (implying an average of upwards of 30,000 visitors per day.) Depending on location and the actual type and range of facilities offered, this may well result in millions of additional tourists visiting the region, resulting in incremental spend in the local communities as these visitors take tours, eat in local restaurants and stay at local accommodations (outside the IR) and spend time and money outside the Integrated Resort. At Genting Highlands in Malaysia, for example, it is estimated that approximately three million people visit the country annually specifically to visit the Resort. This represents around fifteen percent of total international visitors to Malaysia (Andrew. M William. R, 2008) International visitor arrivals to Singapore registered 16.2% growth to reach 1,055,000 in January 2011. This is the highest ever recorded IVA for the month of January. Visitor days were estimated at 4.1 million days, a year-on-year growth of 13.3% and arrivals to Singapore have been on an upwards trend throughout 2010 so far. In April, the city-state welcomed 978,339 visitors, a record for the month and a 20% increase on April 2009. Cumulative arrivals for the first four months of 2010 came to 3.63mn. This strong performance reflects the improving global economic environment, as well as the positive impact of Singapores new integrated resorts. Business Monitor International ltd says both resorts will do much too significantly revitalize Singapores tourism industry from 2010, as they offer a wide range of entertainment aimed at complementary markets. Figure 2 Visitors arrival 2009/10/11 C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag itVisitordec 07,dec08.png Source: STB 2010 The socio economic impact of Singapore Integrated Resorts have really revitalized the tourism sector of Singapore as shown in the figure above and the tourism industry has grown rapidly as there are a lot of visitors coming to Singapore to check out the new Integrated Resorts, leisure and recreation purpose. Based on the experience of Las Vegas, when dealing with a true Integrated Resort, it is possible that only about half of the total revenue generated will come from casino operations. The remainder will be driven largely by people staying in the hotels, attending conferences, conventions, events, or theme park activities. The general attractiveness of the venue and its supporting infrastructure, much of the non-gaming spend at the IR will be derived from people visiting from outside of the local area and local people, this will support the direct new investment to the Integrated Resorts and Singapore Integrated Resorts have those same components as the other IR have and the Singapore tourism industry is growing rapidly as the Integrated Resorts are attracting lots of visitors from different countries (Andrew. M and William R, 2008) Singapores tourism offering is being radically altered by the opening of the two new integrated resorts, the SGD 6.6bn Resorts World Sentosa operated by Genting International and the SGD7.6bn Marina Bay Sands operated by Las Vegas Sands Corporation. Resorts World is aimed more at a family audience, with attractions including theme parks and an oceanarium, while Marina Bay Sands is aimed more at the business travel and MICE market, with conference facilities and shopping area, both has casino. (STB, 2010) The Integrated Resorts brings in entertainment and conventions, hospitality and retail outlets, which will help to increase the demand for hotel services, greater patronage at restaurants and heightened convention and exhibition activities. Singapore had rapid hotel growth and development over the past two years with the openings of The St. Regis Singapore (April 2008), Capella Singapore (March 2009), Integrated Resorts and the Fullerton Bay Hotel Singapore. The hotels are doing very good business as their occupancy rate has really grown up and they are performing well. The new hotel openings come at a time when visitor arrivals numbers to Singapore are seeing an increase. The destination saw visitor arrival numbers increase by 30.3 percent to 946,000 visitors total in May 2010, compared to the same period last year, which saw 726,000 visitor arrivals. May marked the sixth consecutive month during which Singapore saw record tourism arrival numbers. The country expects to reach its go al of at least 11.5 million total visitor arrivals by the end of 2010 (Travel Age West, 2010) Average Occupancy Rate (AOR) posted a 5.2 percentage point increase over September 2009 to reach 82% in September 2010. (STB, 2010) At the end of 2008, Singapore had 39,289 hotel rooms. In 2009, average occupancy rate (AOR) was 79%, a drop from 81% in 2008. The average room rate (ARR) for the year was estimated by the STB to be SGD191, a 22.3% decline. This reflected the more challenging operating environment for hotel companies during 2009. In April 2010, AOR stood at 85% for the month, an increase of 15 percentages. In 2010, the integrated resorts at Resorts World Sentosa and Marina Bay Sands added 4,400 rooms to Singapores supply. Four of these hotels are already open. In 2009, several major new hotels opened, including the 300-room St Regis Singapore, the 121-roomAmara Sanctuary Resort Sentosa and The Boutique Hotel Tiong Bahru. In mid-2010, Australias StayWell Hospitality Group is to open the 200-room Park Regis Singapore (STB, 2010). In April 2010, AOR stood at 85% for the month, an increase of 15 percentage points. ARR was estimated by The STB to be SGD211, up by 12.2%. Figure 4 Hotels average occupancy 2009/10/11C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factshotel occupancy in 2010.png C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factshotel arr.png STB 2010 Figure 5 Average Room Rate 2009/2010/2011 Average Room Rate (ARR3) increased by 13.1% over September 2009 to reach an estimate of S$233 in September 2010. Average Occupancy Rate (AOR2) posted a 1.0 percentage point increase over January 2010 to reach 82% in January 2011 2.2 Boost Singapore Economy (R. Nunkoo and H. Ramkissoon, 2010) When Singapore decided to establish two Integrated Resorts in the City-State, did so on the basis of the potential visitor impacts and boost Singapores economy as well as its image. Singapores goal was to triple its tourist numbers over a period of twelve years and to more than triple the resulting economic impact by attracting higher spending and thus higher value visitors to that country. When they open in 2010 or 2011, the two IRs will be critical in achieving that objective and will likely contribute more than fifty percent to Singapores long term goal by 2015 Singapore is on the right track by opening the two Integrated Resorts which will boost the Singapore economy. The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) had earlier forecast the Singapore economy to grow between 7.0 and 9.0 per cent this year. Singapore today doubled its economic growth forecast for 2010, expecting it to expand between 13.0 to 15.0 per cent following a better economic performance in the first quarter. (Bernama Malaysian National News Agency, 2010) As we have seen in the recent years that Macau has experienced an unprecedented level of economic success of its gambling monopoly. It has created an environment where casinoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ driven tourist investment projects attract industry leaders, while tourist, hotel guest numbers and revenues have grown with the opening of new integrated resorts. Macaus location is next to a rising and booming Chinese economy. As well as in recent years Mauritius has experienced a rapid increase in integrated resort developments, which have been intended to secure income from new tourism segments and to boost the economy. (Robin.N Haywantee. R, 2010) Singapore is also having such an Integrated development so the Integrated Resorts of Singapore are going to boost the economy as well. This success of Macau and Mauritius has not gone unnoticed, Singapore has followed the footsteps as well and having the Integrated Resorts which will for sure help to boost the economy of Singapore Perhaps the most notable move that illustrates this shift is Singapore. Traditionally conservative, in April 2005 it made the decision to attempt to emulate the success of Macau which has helped them to boost the Singapore economy by the help of the Integrated Resorts. However, in lateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 2004, the Singapore government changed its policy stance in a move inspired by the incredible growth of Macau, the continued success of Genting Highlands and the phenomenal rise of tourism in Asia (Harry. A Laurie. K, 2009) There has been a great change from the over the past century. Governments and developers around the world have caught on the race to mastermind, create and develop Integrated Resorts and Entertainment which creates positive value propositions and potential growth to the countrys image and economic strength of Singapore. Between 1993 and 2002, tourisms contribution to GDP dropped from 6.1% to 3%, and our share of the Asia Pacific tourist flow fell from 8% in 1998 to 6% in 2002. Figure 6: Assessing the Economic Impacts Integrated Resort: Assessing the Economic Impacts Total Revenue of about $ 270 million, of which $212 million are derived from gaming activates Contribution to GDP of about $500 million, which is 0.4 of Singapores 2003 GDP Source: Forecast by Assoc Prof Winston Koh, Singapore Management University 2010 The positive annual impact from Integrated Resort developments can indeed be substantial. Estimating the economic potential of these IRs will depend on the unique situations established within each locale and legal situation. However, it is often the case that such developments can become the most significant that any locale will have seen from a single activity. Marina Bay Sands opened its first phase of development in April 2010, offering 963 out of its total of 2,560 hotel rooms, as well as opening part of its shopping mall, restaurants and convention centre. The grand opening for the resort took place in June. BMI believes both resorts will do much too significantly boost Singapores tourism industry from 2010, as they offer a wide range of entertainment aimed at complementary markets. Government projections have estimated that each resort could contribute SGD2.7bn to Singaporean GDP by 2015. Singapores two integrated resorts are a major boost to the countrys economy, said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. The Prime Minister said he is glad that visitors are generally happy with the IRs as such attractions make the economy more vibrant and the city more colorful. He added that the IRs have created buzz and both were packed with visitors on their opening days, creating many jobs in the hospitality and tourism sector. According to media reports, nearly 200 bus loads of Malaysian tourists a day are visiting the IRs. (Channel News Asia, 2010) Singapores growth accelerated to a record 18.1 percent pace in the first half of 2010, spurring the currency and putting the island on course to overtake China as Asias fastest-growing economy this year. Gross domestic product expanded at a 26 percent annualized pace in the second quarter from the previous three months, after a revised 45.9 percent gain in January to March, the trade ministry said today. Growth in the first half was the fastest since records began in 1975, prompting the government to predict GDP will rise 13 percent to 15 percent in 2010. (Bloomberg, 2010) Figure 7 Singapore GDP Growth rates 2007/2010C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore facts11-10-2010 1-48-36 PM.png Source: Trading Economics (2010) This will put Singapore on track to possibly becoming the worlds fastest growing economy, surpassing even China. On an annualized and seasonally adjusted basis, Singapore economy expanded 26.0 per cent in the April-June period (Channel news Asia, 2010). The two Integrated Resorts are now reflected in the GDP data contribution as integrated resorts have contributed SGD 470 million to the economy in the first year. Figure 7 and 8 Contribution of Integrated Resorts theC:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore facts12-19-2010 4-53-26 PM.png C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore facts12-19-2010 4-54-59 PM.png Source: DBS treasures 2010 Contributions derived from the GDP statistics reflect only the direct impact of the IRs. The overall economic gains to the economy are likely to be significantly larger if the spinoffs to other industries are taken into account. (Dow Jones International News, 2010). Singapore economy will need to create as many as 130,000 jobs next year if the latest economic growth forecast is to be met, economists said. Most of these jobs are set to come from the service sector, although there is likely to be broad-based job creation across most industries, said human resource experts and companies. The two integrated resorts are leading the hiring charge. They look set to continue hiring rank-and-file service staff for restaurants, hotels and tourist attractions in the next two to three years. (Aaron, 2010) Job creation (Andriotis and Konstantinos, 2008) Integrated Resorts being constructed with a development involving capital in the billions of US dollars there are going to be a number of wide ranging economic benefits and multiplier effects accruing to the region of Singapore. The first round comes from the construction contracts and the related employment opportunities for the local people (Andrew. M William. R, 2008) Integrated Resort is generating the greatest flow of economic benefits. Integrated Resorts tend to be labour intensive, requiring large numbers of staff to service the various facilities and activities on offer to customers and guests in the Integrated Resorts such as in hotels, restaurants, shopping center and gaming components Casinos. This number can exceed ten thousand direct full time equivalent employees, depending on prevailing wage rates and other factors. The casino in particular can be a major contributor to employment with anywhere from five to seven employees per table game. In Asia particularly where table games are the most popular form of casino entertainment an IR casino might have five hundred or more table games with thirty five hundred or more staff just in that department (Andrew. M William. R, 2008) The diversity of job opportunities within an Integrated Resort can be very tremendous. However, an IR should be viewed as a small township with a multitude of roles required to maintain its operation. It is not unusual for there to be one to two hundred different positions within the entire complex. Direct employment of this magnitude induces a multiplier effect in the local community with additional jobs created to service the employees of the IR. Depending on the extent of economic development in the region, the increase in jobs and incomes deriving from employment at the Integrated Resort can be very large indeed. An employment multiplier of 1.5, for example, would result in an additional five hundred jobs for every thousand full time jobs created within an Integrated Resort. This sort of impact on a local community job creation can be of great significance and should not be underestimated. (Andrew. M William. R, 2008) The Integrated Resorts industry the IRs has been projected to create at least 35,000 jobs and greatly increase household revenue. Many governments have encouraged integrated resort development in an attempt to improve the well-being of the local population by generating jobs and increasing income, and because of the easier control of tourism activities within their boundaries. However, as found jobs offered by the Integrated Resorts are more desirable than local jobs due to higher pay. (Andriotis and Konstantinos, 2008) Singapore job market soared towards the end of last year, causing a plunge in unemployment and a sharp rise in the employment of local workers. The jobless rate among residents, who include citizens and permanent residents, fell from 5 per cent last September to 3 per cent in December, which meant about 61,400 people being out of work. This drop is the steepest three-month decline in a decade, according to preliminary figures released by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) yesterday. Accelerated hiring for the year-end festivities and by the two integrated resorts (IRs) made for the improvement. (Straits Times, 2010) The Integrated Resorts have helped to reduce unemployment, but full potential of IR effect not seen yet Singapore decision to allow integrated resorts (IRs) with casinos to be built here has changed this country for ever and it is already reaping the benefits. The IRs began hiring well before the opening of the properties; they clearly had a strong role to play in pushing down unemployment to 2.1 per cent, says Leong Wai Ho, an economist with Barclays Capital. The economic landscape in the Singapore is changing very rapidly making it imperative for Singapore to adapt to an increasingly competitive environment not just to expand its tourism share, but to keep on target of being the ultimate Global City of Asia. Given the huge investment in the Integrated Resorts projects, integrated resorts will deliver significant economic benefits for local companies and businesses in order for the gains to be equitably shared by Singapore society. The key here is how to profit from the expected influx of tourists, and make the most of the opportunities brought about by job creation and benefit to the local people of Singapore (Business Times, 2010) Singapore has seen the neighbor and not gone unnoticed as The Crown Entertainment Complex in Melbourne, Australia is an example of an Integrated Resort casino opened in 1997 that was one of the largest single site job creators in the Southern Hemisphere. (The case for Integrated Resorts, 2010) Singapore, when it decided to establish two Integrated Resorts in the City-State, did on the basis of the potential visitor impacts and the positive effects they would have on Singapores economy as well as its image. Singapores goal was to triple its tourist numbers over a period of twelve years and to more than triple the resulting economic impact by attracting higher spending and thus higher value visitors to that country. Integrated Resorts will be critical in achieving that objective and will likely contribute more than fifty percent to Singapores long term goal by 2015. (The case for Integrated Resorts, 2010) As illustrated in Labour Force Survey the unemployment rate shows a downward trend due to the improving economic conditions over the past few years, from 2003 to 2008. For the year 2007, the strong economic recovery has helped to ease the unemployment rate to less than 2%. Total employment increased by 9.6% in the fourth quarter, December 2007, growing for the fourth consecutive quarter and at an increasing pace due to

Jesse James :: essays research papers

Jesse Woodson James was viewed in two ways; a modern Robin Hood and a killer. He was born in Kearney, Missouri on September 5, 1847. Some people say it was the cruel treatment from Union soldiers that turned Frank and Jesse to a life of crime during the Civil War. During the Civil War, at age 15, he joined Quantrill's Raiders, a group of pro-Confederate guerillas. He was part of the Centralia massacre in 1864. He is also known to have been a spy for the rebel army. Jesse was wounded while surrendering. He took a bullet through one of his lungs. He was nursed back to health and within a year, Frank and Jesse are believed to have pulled off the first daylight bank robbery during peacetime. They made off with $60,000 from the Liberty, Mo. bank and one man was killed. For the next 15 years, the James boys roamed throughout the U.S. robbing trains and banks of their gold, building a legend that was to live more than a century after Jesse's death. Jesse married his own first cousin after a nine-year courtship. She was named for his own mother, Zerelda. They had two children, Jesse Edwards and Mary. Frank and Jesse had talked about forming a gang with Cole Younger, but Jesse was not with them when they committed their first robbery in February of 1866. Jesse joined in October. It wasn’t until March 1867 that they pulled their first job together. They tried to rob a bank at Savannah. All three aimed at the bank president, but all were bad shots and only one bullet barely touched him. This job was not successful. Two months later a man and his fifteen-year-old son were found dead and the blame was placed on Jesse. He was very attached to his mother and usually hid out at her house after pulling a job. The Pinkerton Detective Agency was called in to help catch the James/ Younger Gang. During a nighttime raid on the family home a firebomb was tossed into the log cabin. The explosion tore off the hand of Jesse's mother, and killed his half- brother. One of their most famous rides was in September of 1876. Jesses gang tried to take the Northfield, Minn. Bank. The town people fired at them and all except for Frank and Jesse were killed, wounded or captured.

Strategy Implementation Essay -- Business, Organizational Design

This report provides an analysis and evaluation of strategy implementation used by California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) and discusses the effectiveness of their strategy through organization design, control systems, people and culture. My research concluded that CPK relies on control systems to undertake a majority of the company’s operational activities and that human resources and organizational culture must support the strategy implemented, which it does in in the case of CPK. Introduction Strategic implementation is a critical factor when making decisions regarding issues that affect the vision, mission, or objectives of an organization. Strategies are often implemented in accordance to the culture of the organization, the nature of control systems, the stakeholders, and the nature of the organizational design. In order to achieve success in the implementation of strategies, the structure of these factors must work in coordination with one another. For instance, the strategic vision of CPK lies in the creation of a globally recognized brand name and therefore, all of the goals and objectives of CPK must be directed in realizing that the company achieves this objective (California Pizza Kitchen 2011). Furthermore, the vision statement is inclusive in itself in that it communicates the message in a directional, flexible, and focused manner. Strategic implementation entails the application of deliberate management processes to achieve the desired results. Predominantly, the process is achieved through the selection of implementation approaches that are related to an organization’s structure, management of human resources, developing, decision-making and information processes, allocating resources, determining desirable ... ...ementation of strategies within the company. Lastly, symbols do play important roles at CPK and this includes the iconic leadership of the founders, Rick Rosenfield and Larry Flax. Conclusion Strategy implementation is an important feature at CPK and the type of strategies implemented depend on organizational design, structure, human resources (people), organizational culture, and the use of control systems (Bradford and Duncan, 2000). Even though the mission statements are not openly stated anywhere, they are very essential in influencing the types of strategies implemented by the company and must be executed in such a way that influences the performance of the company. Human resources and organizational culture must support the strategy implemented. Lastly, CPK depends on control systems to undertake majority of the company’s operational activities.

Notes of a Native Son Essay

Notes of a Native Son Summary James Baldwin uses a lot of ethos in his essay to show his position as a black man encountering the hardships during his era. Despite being a generation of now free men, Baldwin tells his everyday situation and responses he received that show that he was not close at all to being free in the society. It is with this story we get to see his idea of fighting the injustice begin to bloom, and led him to become a well-known writer exploring the social issues in the mid-20th American era. Baldwin made it clear that before he developed a certain hatred towards the whites, he never felt that there was a difference between his white friends and his black friends and everyone was treated the same. This is still a situation we see today where children would play with other children regardless of their background but as they grew up, society puts the stereotypes in their heads and saw the world differently, in which Baldwin would grow up to see the world different as well. If there is a revolvi ng theme around this story, it is the theme of birth. In the beginning, there was a physical birth of James Baldwin’s sibling, moments after his father died. This could metaphorically translate as his father’s legacy being carried down through another child. James Baldwin Notes of a Native Son Analysis The ending was a birth of an idea, of how his father’s death and all the experiences Baldwin had encountered translated into an idea of fighting the injustice he was receiving. One word that stood out to me in the passage was perdition. Baldwin’s father claims that Baldwin’s naà ¯ve perspective of the whites was going to send him to perdition. Perdition has an extremely strong meaning, and in the Christian context, it is used to describe people who chose to turn away from God and thus cannot be saved nor forgiven, in a way being sent to the eternal pits of hell. Baldwin’s father is sending out a warning of what is yet to come for Baldwin, who would see how his view about the world will be changed forever by his life in New Jersey and that one American Diner situation. Baldwin would see the world the same way his father had seen, with the same bitterness his father carried till his death. Baldwin said that he had contracted a blind fever, which I believe t hat the blind fever was a metaphorical way of describing the emotional build-up of the treatment he received as a black man. Works Cited Hochstetler, J. M. Native Son. Grand Rapids, MI, Zondervan, 2005. â€Å"Native Son.† Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Son. Wright, Richard. Native Son. New York, Harper &Amp; Bros., 1940.